A review of the literature relating to rape victim blaming: An analysis of the impact of observer and victim characteristics on attribution of blame in rape cases

Bruggen, Madeleine van der; Grubb, Amy

doi:10.1016/j.avb.2014.07.008

Cited by 194 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…In the context of other forms intimate violence, it is argued that women are more likely to identify with the prototypical role of the victim than men because they are more likely to experience this type of victimisation (Dunlap et al, 2012;Herzog, 2008;Sinclair, 2012;Scott et al, 2015). Therefore, the findings for observer sex can be understood in light of women's self-protective defensive attributions in which the situation is perceived to be more serious and victims are held less responsible (Herzog, 2008;van der Bruggen & Grubb, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revenge pornography: the influence of perpetrator-victim sex, observer sex and observer sexting experience on perceptions of seriousness and responsibility

Scott

Gavin

2017

JCP

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AcknowledgementsThe authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Rebecca Posner during the running of the research. 2 AbstractDrawing on gender-role stereotypes and defensive attribution theory, this study investigates the influence of perpetrator-victim sex, observer sex and observer sexting experience on perceptions of seriousness and responsibility in the context of revenge pornography. Twohundred and thirty-nine university students read one of two versions of a hypothetical scenario, responded to items concerning their perceptions of the situation described, and responded to items concerning their sexting experience. Men were more likely to believe the situation was serious when it involved a male perpetrator and a female victim rather than vice versa. However, perpetrator-victim sex did not influence women's perceptions. Participants without sexting experience were more likely than participants with sexting experience to believe the situation was serious, and to hold the victim responsible.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revenge pornography: the influence of perpetrator-victim sex, observer sex and observer sexting experience on perceptions of seriousness and responsibility

Scott

Gavin

2017

JCP

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“…Õiglase maailma hüpoteesi kohaselt usuvad inimesed üldjuhul, et mitte üksnes seksuaalvägivalla, vaid ükskõik millise kuriteo või ebaõigluse puhul on ohver olnud ise süüdi selles, mis nendega juhtunud on, mistõttu on nendega juhtunu neile vääriline "tasu" (Strömwall et al 2013;Yamawaki 2009). Teisalt on aga läbi viidud uuringuid, mille kohaselt õiglase maailma hüpotees ei mõjuta ohvrisüüdistamist kui diskursiivset praktikat (Hammond et al 2011) ning pelgalt õiglase maailma hüpotees ei suuda ohvrisüüdistamist täielikult selgitada (Bruggen & Grubb 2014;Gravelin 2018).…”

Section: Seksuaalvägivallaga Seonduvad Stereotüübidunclassified

“…Ohvriga seotud tegurite kõrval on uuritud ka kõrvalseisjaga seotud faktoreid, mis mõjutavad ohvrisüüdistamise esinemist ja ulatust (Bruggen & Grubb 2014;Franklin & Menaker 2015). Mitmed uuringud on tuvastanud, et mida lähedasem suhe on toimepanijal ohvriga olnud, seda enam süüd ohvrile omistatakse (Gravelin et al 2018;Yamawaki 2009).…”

Section: Seksuaalvägivallaga Seonduvad Stereotüübidunclassified

“Kui ongi tõsi, siis ise süüdi!” Seksuaalvägivallaga seonduvad stereotüübid ühe Eesti laste ja noorte veebifoorumi teemaalgatustes ja vastustes

Eelmaa¹,

Murumaa-Mengel²

2020

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Teesid: Artiklis anname ülevaate sellest, kuidas lapsed ja noored veebifoorumite vahendusel seksuaalvägivalla ohvriks langemise osas abi ja tuge otsivad ning millised on sellistele postitustele järgnevad vastukajad. Meie fookus on eelkõige sellel, millist rolli mängivad vägistamismüüdid ja soostereotüübid nii teemaalgatajate kui ka vastajate käsitlustes seksuaalvägivallast, ohvritest ja toimepanijatest. Valitud tekste analüüsides kombineerisime diskursiivpsühholoogilise analüüsi ja kvalitatiivse temaatilise sisuanalüüsi võtteid. Tulemustes kirjeldame näiteks selliseid stereotüüpe nagu tõeline ohver, reaalne vägistamissituatsioon ja tõeline toimepanija. Veebifoorumis osalejate konstrueeritud repertuaarides peegelduvad valusa selgusega ühiskondlikult domineerivad väärarusaamad seksuaalvägivallast. Märksõnad: laste seksuaalne väärkohtlemine, ohvrisüüdistamine, seksuaalvägivald, stereotüübid, vägistamismüüdid Sissejuhatus Seksuaalvägivalla puhul on tegu vägivallaga, mis on paljuski peidetud ning alaraporteeritud, kuid sellegipoolest viitab olemasolev statistika sellele, et väga paljud inimesed puutuvad seksuaalvägivallaga elu jooksul ühel või teisel moel kokku (Kloppen et al. 2016). Eesti uuringutes on näiteks leitud, et umbes 30% Eesti lastest ja noortest on seksuaalse väärkohtlemise tõttu kannatama pidanud ning umbes 10% on isiklikult kogenud seksuaalvägivalda (Soo et al. 2016). Selliste traumaatiliste kogemuste puhul on määrava tähtsuse ja rolliga laiemad ühiskondlikud seksuaalvägivalla mõistmise ja mõtestamise viisid, muuhulgas http://www.folklore.ee/tagused/nr76/eelmaa_murumaa.pdf www.folklore.ee/tagused 30 Simone Eelmaa, Maria Murumaa-Mengel

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“…Once adopted, people are committed to these models, as seen in the defensive behaviors following just world belief violating events such as natural disasters, accidents, and criminal acts that harm innocent people. Rather than changing their belief in a just world, people often blame the victim in order to maintain their just world belief (van den Bos & Maas, 2009;van der Bruggen & Grubb, 2014).…”

Section: Physiological Responses To Belief-violating Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmation bias and misconceptions: Pupillometric evidence for a confirmation bias in misconceptions feedback

Sleegers

Proulx

Beest

2019

Biological Psychology

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Word count: 5136 PUPILLARY RESPONSE TO FEEDBACK ABOUT MISCONCEPTIONS ! 2 Abstract It has long been supposed that the confirmation bias plays a role in the prevalence and maintenance of misconceptions. However, this has been supported more by argument than by empirical evidence. In the present paper, we show how different types of belief-feedback evoke physiological responses consistent with the presence of a confirmation bias. Participants were presented with misconceptions and indicated whether they believed each misconception to be true or false, as well as how committed they were to the misconception. Each response was followed by feedback that was either clear (i.e., "correct" or "incorrect") or ambiguous (i.e., "partly correct" or "partly incorrect"). Pupillary response to each feedback condition was assessed. The results show an interaction between feedback accuracy and feedback clarity on pupil size. The largest pupil size was found in response to clear disconfirmatory feedback. The smallest pupil size was found in response to both clear and ambiguous confirmatory feedback. Crucially, the pupil responded to ambiguous confirmatory feedback as though it were wholly confirmatory. Moreover, pupil size in response to ambiguous disconfirmatory feedback was significantly smaller than response to clear disconfirmatory feedback, showing an overall trend towards confirmatory processing in the absence of clear disconfirmation. Additionally, we show a moderation by commitment towards the misconception. The greater the commitment, the larger the effect of belief-violating feedback on pupil size. These findings support recent theorizing in the field of misconceptions and, more generally, the field of inconsistency-compensation.

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A review of the literature relating to rape victim blaming: An analysis of the impact of observer and victim characteristics on attribution of blame in rape cases

Abstract: Historically

Cited by 194 publications

References 82 publications

Revenge pornography: the influence of perpetrator-victim sex, observer sex and observer sexting experience on perceptions of seriousness and responsibility

Revenge pornography: the influence of perpetrator-victim sex, observer sex and observer sexting experience on perceptions of seriousness and responsibility

“Kui ongi tõsi, siis ise süüdi!” Seksuaalvägivallaga seonduvad stereotüübid ühe Eesti laste ja noorte veebifoorumi teemaalgatustes ja vastustes

Confirmation bias and misconceptions: Pupillometric evidence for a confirmation bias in misconceptions feedback

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