A Review of the Neuropsychological Dimensions of Tourette Syndrome

Morand-Beaulieu, Simon; Leclerc, Julie; Valois, Philippe; Lavoie, Marc E.; O’Connor, Kieron; Gauthier, Bruno

doi:10.3390/brainsci7080106

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 240 publications

(526 reference statements)

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“…These results together could suggest that concomitant ADHD and TS was not primarily responsible for the visual acquisition learning deficits in patients with Tourette syndrome. This is in contrast with previous findings that ADHD is primarily responsible for the alteration of cognitive functions in patients with TS + ADHD [33,37,38,43]. Therefore, the visually guided acquired equivalence learning, similar to stimulus-response or habit learning [24,45], which is mediated by the dorsal frontostriatal pathways, is more attributable to Tourette syndrome than ADHD, despite ADHD symptoms affecting the dorsolateral frontostriatal circuits [62].…”

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 88%

“…Previous studies have emphasized that most alterations of cognitive functions are primarily associated with concomitant ADHD and TS [32][33][34][35][36]. These results suggest that the cognitive performance of patients with TS + ADHD is more similar to that of patients with ADHD than that of patients with Tourette syndrome [33,35,37,38]. Accordingly, Channon et al did not find any impairment in explicit or implicit memory or learning processes in Tourette syndrome alone but did find these impairments in TS + ADHD [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Most impairment has been reported in Tourette syndrome with its most frequent comorbidity, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [29][30][31]. Previous studies have emphasized that most alterations of cognitive functions are primarily associated with concomitant ADHD and TS [32][33][34][35][36]. These results suggest that the cognitive performance of patients with TS + ADHD is more similar to that of patients with ADHD than that of patients with Tourette syndrome [33,35,37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impairment of visually guided associative learning in children with Tourette syndrome

Eördegh¹,

Pertich²,

Tárnok³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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The major symptoms of Tourette syndrome are motor and vocal tics, but Tourette syndrome is occasionally associated with cognitive alterations as well. Although Tourette syndrome does not affect the majority of cognitive functions, some of them improve. There is scarce evidence on the impairment of learning functions in patients with Tourette syndrome. The core symptoms of Tourette syndrome are related to dysfunction of the basal ganglia and the frontostriatal loops. Acquired equivalence learning is a kind of associative learning that is related to the basal ganglia and the hippocampi. The modified Rutgers Acquired Equivalence Test was used in the present study to observe the associative learning function of patients with Tourette syndrome. The cognitive learning task can be divided into two main phases: the acquisition and test phases. The latter is further divided into two parts: retrieval and generalization. The acquisition phase of the associative learning test, which mainly depends on the function of the basal ganglia, was affected in the entire patient group, which included patients with Tourette syndrome with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, or no comorbidities. Patients with Tourette syndrome performed worse in building associations. However, the retrieval and generalization parts of the test phase, which primarily depend on the function of the hippocampus, were not worsened by Tourette syndrome.

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Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impairment of visually guided associative learning in children with Tourette syndrome

Eördegh¹,

Pertich²,

Tárnok³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Finally, this first exploratory model for aDBS is based on data obtained from the thalamus and grounding on previous technology developed for aDBS in Parkinson’s Disease [ 36 ]. As such, it does not take into account psychiatric comorbidities that are observed in a large number of patients with TS [ 37 ], which have recently led to the characterization of obsessive-compulsive tic disorder, which is a reflection of obsessive-compulsive disorder and TS comorbidity [ 38 ]. The patients analysed here were, for the most part, implanted in the Vo/CM-Pf thalamic complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation (aDBS) for Tourette Syndrome

et al. 2017

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a novel therapy for the treatment of several movement and neuropsychiatric disorders, and may also be suitable for the treatment of Tourette syndrome (TS). The main DBS targets used to date in patients with TS are located within the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuit involved in the pathophysiology of this syndrome. They include the ventralis oralis/centromedian-parafascicular (Vo/CM-Pf) nucleus of the thalamus and the nucleus accumbens. Current DBS treatments deliver continuous electrical stimulation and are not designed to adapt to the patient’s symptoms, thereby contributing to unwanted side effects. Moreover, continuous DBS can lead to rapid battery depletion, which necessitates frequent battery replacement surgeries. Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS), which is controlled based on neurophysiological biomarkers, is considered one of the most promising approaches to optimize clinical benefits and to limit the side effects of DBS. aDBS consists of a closed-loop system designed to measure and analyse a control variable reflecting the patient’s clinical condition and to modify on-line stimulation settings to improve treatment efficacy. Local field potentials (LFPs), which are sums of pre- and post-synaptic activity arising from large neuronal populations, directly recorded from electrodes implanted for DBS can theoretically represent a reliable correlate of clinical status in patients with TS. The well-established LFP-clinical correlations in patients with Parkinson’s disease reported in the last few years provide the rationale for developing and implementing new aDBS devices whose efficacies are under evaluation in humans. Only a few studies have investigated LFP activity recorded from DBS target structures and the relationship of this activity to clinical symptoms in TS. Here, we review the available literature supporting the feasibility of an LFP-based aDBS approach in patients with TS. In addition, to increase such knowledge, we report explorative findings regarding LFP data recently acquired and analysed in patients with TS after DBS electrode implantation at rest, during voluntary and involuntary movements (tics), and during ongoing DBS. Data available up to now suggest that patients with TS have oscillatory patterns specifically associated with the part of the brain they are recorded from, and thereby with clinical manifestations. The Vo/CM-Pf nucleus of the thalamus is involved in movement execution and the pathophysiology of TS. Moreover, the oscillatory patterns in TS are specifically modulated by DBS treatment, as reflected by improvements in TS symptoms. These findings suggest that LFPs recorded from DBS targets may be used to control new aDBS devices capable of adaptive stimulation responsive to the symptoms of TS.

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“…Cognitive function and decision-making in TS. Morand-Beaulieu et al (2017a) provide an updated and exhaustive review of neuropsychological aspects of TS (compare Eddy et al (2009) ). The review highlighted the slight alteration of social cognition as well as more frequent learning difficulties and disabilities in children with TS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourette syndrome research highlights from 2017

2018

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This is the fourth yearly article in the Tourette Syndrome Research Highlights series, summarizing research from 2017 relevant to Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. The authors briefly summarize reports they consider most important or interesting. The highlights from 2018 article is being drafted on the Authorea online authoring platform, and readers are encouraged to add references or give feedback on our selections using the comments feature on that page. After the calendar year ends, the article is submitted as the annual update for the Tics collection on F1000Research.

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A Review of the Neuropsychological Dimensions of Tourette Syndrome

Cited by 41 publications

References 240 publications

Impairment of visually guided associative learning in children with Tourette syndrome

Impairment of visually guided associative learning in children with Tourette syndrome

Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation (aDBS) for Tourette Syndrome

Tourette syndrome research highlights from 2017

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