A Review of the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) from Cow, Sheep and Goat Models

Worku, Mulumebet; Rehrah, Djaafar; Ismail, Hamid D.; Asiamah, E.; Adjei‐Fremah, Sarah

doi:10.3390/ijms22158046

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Interestingly, the formation of NETs is always accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and therefore, ROS may be an indirect way to evaluate the production of NETs in vitro. Moreover, the production NETs and ROS can be considered potential indicators or biomarkers to monitor (metabolic) inflammation and immunosuppression [ 14 ]. Though, it is not fully elucidated yet whether the capacity to produce NETs and ROS by circulating PMN is different in dairy cows during the transition phase in comparison to other periods in the lactation cycle or even in nulliparous heifers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Production of Neutrophils Extracellular Traps Is Affected by the Lactational Stage of Dairy Cows

Xie

Pascottini

Zhi

et al. 2022

Animals

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We aimed to research the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation capacity of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) during different lactational stages of Holstein cows. We also aimed to validate a model which could mimic infection and inflammation in vitro by adding increasing concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to PMN suspensions isolated from nulliparous heifers and evaluate their capacity to produce NETs and ROS. In 3 replicates, we collected blood from nulliparous heifers (n = 3), cows at the end of gestation (n = 3), early postpartum (n = 3) and in mid-lactation (n = 3) in which PMN were isolated. The production of ROS in PMN were assessed using the 2’,7’-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate method, while the SYTOX Orange and Quant-iT™ PicoGreen dsDNA ultra-sensitive nucleic fluorescent acid staining methods were applied in order to quantitatively analyze the formation of NETs. Statistical analyses were performed via linear regression models using the replicate as a random. ROS values of PMN harvested from peripartum cows were 1.3 times increased compared with those in nulliparous heifers (p < 0.01). Compared with nulliparous heifers, the production of NETs by PMN isolated from mid-lactation and postpartum cows was 2.1 and 2.5 times higher (p < 0.01), respectively. In 3 replicates, in vitro stimulation of PMN isolated from nulliparous heifers (n = 3) with LPS linearly increased the production of ROS and NETs (R2 = 0.96 and 0.86, respectively). Similarly, when PMN isolated from nulliparous heifers were stimulated with PMA, a linear increase in the production of ROS (R2 = 0.99) and NETs (R2 = 0.78) was observed. The basal NETs and ROS production is lower in nulliparous heifers. Thus, they are an excellent model to mimic inflammation and study fundamental aspects of the production of NETs and ROS in vitro.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Production of Neutrophils Extracellular Traps Is Affected by the Lactational Stage of Dairy Cows

Xie

Pascottini

Zhi

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Previous studies have found that most mammary pathogenic bacteria could induce NETosis ( 19 ). Such as E. coli , Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ( 19 ). Pisanu et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have found that most mammary pathogenic bacteria could induce NETosis (19). Such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (19). Pisanu et al detected NETs in the mammary gland alveoli and milk from S. uberis-infected sheep (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine inhibits Streptococcus uberis-induced NADPH oxidase-dependent neutrophil extracellular traps via TAK1/MAPK signaling pathways

Gao

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are produced by neutrophil activation and usually have both anti-infective and pro-damage effects. Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis), one of the common causative organisms of mastitis, can lead to the production of NETs. Taurine, a free amino acid abundant in the organism, has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of S. uberis-induced NETs formation and the regulatory role of taurine. The results showed that NETs had a disruptive effect on mammary epithelial cells and barriers, but do not significantly inhibit the proliferation of S. uberis. S. uberis induced NADPH oxidase-dependent NETs. TLR2-mediated activation of the MAPK signaling pathway was involved in this process. Taurine could inhibit the activation of MAPK signaling pathway and NADPH oxidase by modulating the activity of TAK1, thereby inhibiting the production of ROS and NETs. The effects of taurine on NADPH oxidase and NETs in S. uberis infection were also demonstrated in vivo. These results suggest that taurine can protect mammary epithelial cells and barriers from damage by reducing S. uberis-induced NETs. These data provide new insights and strategies for the prevention and control of mastitis.

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“…However, NETosis has not been studied in Babesia infections [ 12 , 226 , 227 , 228 , 229 , 230 , 276 ]. Activation of neutrophils and release of NETs have been observed in various human parasitic infections, including malaria, leishmaniosis, onchocerciasis (induced by endosymbionts Wolbachia ), and toxoplasmosis, as well as in bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, in experimental animal models, in in vitro experiments, and in dogs with sepsis [ 276 , 277 , 278 , 279 , 280 , 281 , 282 , 283 , 284 ]. It seems probable that similar mechanisms to those observed in malaria are involved in sequestration of RBCs in babesiosis.…”

Section: Sequestration Of Rbcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Anemia in Canine Babesiosis: Possible Contribution of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines—A Review

Zygner

Gójska-Zygner²,

Norbury

2023

Pathogens

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Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne protozoan disease caused by intraerythrocytic parasites of the genus Babesia. The infection may lead to anemia in infected dogs. However, anemia is not directly caused by the pathogen. The parasite’s developmental stages only have a marginal role in contributing to a decreased red blood cell (RBC) count. The main cause of anemia in affected dogs is the immune response to the infection. This response includes antibody production, erythrophagocytosis, oxidative damage of RBCs, complement activation, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Moreover, both infected and uninfected erythrocytes are retained in the spleen and sequestered in micro-vessels. All these actions are driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, especially IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Additionally, imbalance between the actions of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines plays a role in patho-mechanisms leading to anemia in canine babesiosis. This article is a review of the studies on the pathogenesis of anemia in canine babesiosis and related diseases, such as bovine or murine babesiosis and human or murine malaria, and the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the mechanisms leading to anemia in infected dogs.

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A Review of the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) from Cow, Sheep and Goat Models

Cited by 12 publications

References 156 publications

In Vitro Production of Neutrophils Extracellular Traps Is Affected by the Lactational Stage of Dairy Cows

In Vitro Production of Neutrophils Extracellular Traps Is Affected by the Lactational Stage of Dairy Cows

Taurine inhibits Streptococcus uberis-induced NADPH oxidase-dependent neutrophil extracellular traps via TAK1/MAPK signaling pathways

Pathogenesis of Anemia in Canine Babesiosis: Possible Contribution of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines—A Review

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