A review of the New Zealand stick insects: new genera and synonymy, keys, and a catalogue

Jewell, Tony; Brock, Paul D.

doi:10.1665/1082-6467(2002)011[0189:arotnz]2.0.co;2

Cited by 23 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Nineteen adult Acanthoxyla stick insects were collected throughout New Zealand and make up the majority of biological material used in this study. Four morphotypes were represented (Salmon, ; Jewell & Brock, ); six A. inermis Salmon, ; three A. intermedia Salmon, ; six A. prasina (Westwood 1859), and four A . nr‐ geisovii (Kaup 1866) (Table S1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In New Zealand, the stick insect genus Acanthoxyla is entirely female and thus obligatorily parthenogenetic. Eight morphological variants have been defined as subspecies or species (Salmon, , ; Jewell & Brock, ), although evidence for correlation between morphology and parthenogenetic lineages is equivocal (Morgan‐Richards & Trewick, ). These morphological variants differ in their degree of spination, ranging from Acanthoxyla huttoni (Salmon) with numerous long, sharp, black tipped spines on head, thorax, and abdomen to A. inermis (Salmon) with only a few blunt bumps (tubercles) on head and thorax.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple lines of evidence suggest mosaic polyploidy in the hybrid parthenogenetic stick insect lineageAcanthoxyla

Myers

Trewick

Morgan‐Richards

2012

Insect Conserv Diversity

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Although hybridisation is common in animals, it rarely results in speciation. Yet, many examples of hybrid species have been documented in one animal group, the stick insects (Phasmida). The New Zealand stick insect Acanthoxyla is of particular interest as the entire genus is of hybrid origin and consists of eight morphological forms recognised as species, all of which are obligate parthenogens. Using five complementary techniques on the same individuals, our study confirms that both triploids and diploids are present in Acanthoxyla populations, and further, that some individuals contain both diploid and triploid cells. Chromosome spreads and estimates of relative DNA content from flow cytometry provided contrasting information about the ploidy of this unusual parthenogenetic genus. Analysis of morphometric variation showed no correlation with ploidy level in Acanthoxyla, and also mtDNA sequence networks failed to distinguish morphospecies or ploidy level. Unexpectedly, cloned sequences of a putatively single‐copy nuclear marker were also unhelpful in distinguishing ploidy, instead indicating that phosphoglucose isomerase is likely to be a multiple copy gene. We propose a mechanism for the evolution of the Acanthoxyla lineage and suggest that interpretation may be complicated by the presence of individuals that are diploid and triploid mosaics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple lines of evidence suggest mosaic polyploidy in the hybrid parthenogenetic stick insect lineageAcanthoxyla

Myers

Trewick

Morgan‐Richards

2012

Insect Conserv Diversity

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“…In Phasmatidae, the New Zealand Acanthoxyla is described as an entirely thelytokous taxon with no males and bisexual species (Salmon ; Jewell and Brock ). These phasmatids are likely a polyphyletic genus having hybrid origin (Morgan‐Richards and Trewick ).…”

Section: Insecta (=Ectognatha)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parthenogenesis in Hexapoda: Entognatha and non-holometabolous insects

Vershinina

Kuznetsova

2016

J Zoolog Syst Evol Res

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In hexapods, unlike the majority of animals, development without fertilization is a common phenomenon. They evolved a striking diversity of unisexual reproductive types that include a variety of modes starting from spontaneous parthenogenesis in females to the production of impaternate males with different variants in between. Many reports about parthenogenetic species have accumulated over time. Here, we present a review of various parthenogenetic hexapod groups with a particular focus on their chromosome systems and ploidy level. We show that conclusions about the reproductive mode often lack solid evidence and sometimes inefficiently demonstrate how parthenogenesis is maintained in corresponding groups. In this review, basal hexapods (Protura, Collembola, Diplura), primarily wingless insect groups (‘Apterygota’) and non‐holometabolous insects are listed with references to a variety of their unisexual reproductive modes.

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“…However, perforated capitula are known from stick insects from other subfamilies in other geographic areas (e.g., Clark Sellick 1997;Baker & Chandrapatya 2001). In Acanthoxyla, Clitarchus and Pseudoclitarchus, the female cerci are all much longer, signifi cantly extending posteriorly beyond the paraprocts (Salmon 1948(Salmon , 1991Jewell & Brock 2002), whereas in Tepakiphasma the cerci are only slightly longer than the paraprocts. The relative size of the cerci and paraprocts are similar between Argosarchus and Tepakiphasma; however the cerci of Tepakiphasma are much more rounded apically (Fig.…”

Section: Taxonomic Status and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tepakiphasma ngatikuri, a new genus and species of stick insect (Phasmatodea) from the Far North of New Zealand

Buckley¹,

Bradler

2010

New Zealand Entomologist

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A review of the New Zealand stick insects: new genera and synonymy, keys, and a catalogue

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Multiple lines of evidence suggest mosaic polyploidy in the hybrid parthenogenetic stick insect lineageAcanthoxyla

Multiple lines of evidence suggest mosaic polyploidy in the hybrid parthenogenetic stick insect lineageAcanthoxyla

Parthenogenesis in Hexapoda: Entognatha and non-holometabolous insects

Tepakiphasma ngatikuri, a new genus and species of stick insect (Phasmatodea) from the Far North of New Zealand

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