A review of the profile of mood states (POMS) in the prediction of athletic success

Renger, Ralph

doi:10.1080/10413209308411306

Cited by 67 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…There is general agreement in the literature that the operational definition of success is central to any attempt to link mood scores with successful performance (Renger, 1993;Rowley et al, 1995;Terry 1995a). For POMS Meta-analysis 8 example, Rowley et al (1995) found that studies in which the categorization of performance was unclear reported larger effects than studies using clear performance criteria, although unfortunately they did not fully explain what constituted clarity in this respect.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Keywords used in the computer searches included Profile of Mood States, POMS, and Mood. Manual searches were conducted through the reference lists of several comprehensive bibliographies and empirical or narrative reviews of the use of the POMS in sport (LeUnes et al, 1988; LeUnes & Berger, 1998;Renger, 1993;Rowley et al, 1995;Terry, 1995a;Vanden Auweele et al, 1993). Journal Clearly, the result of an objective summary of findings from the literature is linked directly to which studies are included in the meta-analysis.…”

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The profile of mood states and athletic performance: Two meta-analyses

Beedie

Terry

Lane

2000

Journal of Applied Sport Psychology

308

242

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The present study was a meta-analysis of 29 published studies that used the Profile of Mood States (POMS) to investigate relationships between mood and athletic achievement or between mood and performance outcome. Results showed that effect sizes (ESs) for level of achievement were minimal (n = 15, Weighted Mean ES = 0.10, SD = 0.07), a finding consistent with a previous meta-analysis by Rowley, Landers, Kyllo, and Etnier (1995).Larger effects were found for performance outcome (n = 17, Weighted Mean ES = 0.31, SD = 0.12). Effects were moderate for Vigor, Confusion, and Depression, small for Anger and Tension, and very small for Fatigue. All effects were in the direction predicted by Morgan's (1985) mental health model. Effects were larger in sports of short duration, in sports involving open skills, and where performance was judged using self-referenced criteria.Findings suggest that the POMS has utility in the prediction of performance outcome but not in the prediction of level of achievement.Key words: Meta-analysis, Mood, POMS, Moderating variables The Profile of Mood States and Athletic Performance: A Meta-analysis There is a strong intuitive and anecdotal association between mood states and sport performance. However, empirical support for mood-performance relationships has been equivocal, despite the fact that more than 250 published studies have examined mood responses in sport and exercise settings (LeUnes & Burger, 1998) Sport psychology researchers have relied almost exclusively upon the Profile of Mood States (POMS: McNair, Lorr & Droppleman, 1971) as the measure of mood when examining links with athletic performance. The use of the POMS in sport was pioneered by Morgan and his co-workers (e.g. Morgan 1974;Morgan & Johnson, 1978;Morgan & Pollock, 1977;Nagle, Morgan, Hellickson, Serfass, & Alexander, 1975) who demonstrated that, when compared to population norms, the mood profiles of athletes particularly at the elite level were characterized by above average Vigor scores and below average scores for Tension, Depression, Anger, Fatigue, and Confusion. Morgan termed such a pattern of mood responses an iceberg profile and proposed that it was reflective of positive mental health (Morgan, 1980(Morgan, , 1985.Of the many specific research questions addressed within the area of mood and sport, three of the most frequently investigated have been (a) can mood responses differentiate the athlete from the non-athlete, (b) can mood responses differentiate athletes of varying levels of achievement, and (c) can mood responses differentiate performance outcome among athletes of similar ability? In respect of the first research question, qualitative reviews of the extant literature by LeUnes, Haywood, and Daiss (1988), Renger (1993), and Vanden Auweele, De Cuyper, Van Mele, and Rzewnicki (1993) demonstrate clearly that athletes typically report iceberg profiles, which by definition vary from population norms derived largely from nonathletes. Further, recently published normative data based on the mood res...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The profile of mood states and athletic performance: Two meta-analyses

Beedie

Terry

Lane

2000

Journal of Applied Sport Psychology

308

242

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“…Second, there is sport achievement self-efficacy, or situational sport confidence (Lemer & Locke, 1995;Vealey, 1986;Weinberg, Gould, & Jackson, 1979;Wurtele, 1986), which is related to Bandura's (1977) self-efficacy theory. Third, there is sport performance positive and negative affectivity (Crocker & Graham, 1995a, 1995bGould, Eklund, & Jackson, 1992a, 1992bMartin & Anshel, 1995;Renger, 1993;Terry, 1995), where one's derived sense of positive and negative emotions are related to perceptions of success or failure in a given situation. Although these latter two models do include notions about a person's outcome expectancies (i.e., knowledge of the appropriate contingencies in a given situation), the emphasis is on one's situational thoughts and emotions related to perceptions of goal success and failure as being the major determinant of sport achievement behavior.…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of hope in academic and sport achievement.

Curry¹,

Snyder²,

Cook³

et al. 1997

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

348

223

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Hope is the sum of goal thoughts as tapped by pathways and agency. Pathways reflect the perceived capability to produce goal routes; agency reflects the perception that one can initiate action along these pathways. Using trait and state hope scales, studies explored hope in college student athletes. In Study 1, male and female athletes were higher in trait hope than nonathletes; moreover, hope significantly predicted semester grade averages beyond cumulative grade point average and overall self-worth. In Study 2, with female cross-country athletes, trait hope predicted athletic outcomes; further, weekly state hope tended to predict athletic outcomes beyond dispositional hope, training, and self-esteem, confidence, and mood. In Study 3, with female track athletes, dispositional hope significantly predicted athletic outcomes beyond variance related to athletic abilities and affectivity; moreover, athletes had higher hope than nonathletes.A typical dictionary definition of hope as "a desire and the confident expectation of its fulfillment" captures one of the fundamental reasons that humans enjoy sporting activities (Osterhoudt, 1978). From the First Olympiad in 776 B.C. to neighborhood basketball games to next year's Super Bowl, the athletes' hopes for desired sport goals are pivotal to understanding these activities. Nevertheless, the role of hope has remained unexplored among personality researchers interested in individual differences in motivation, as well as by sport psychologists, largely because a theoretical model of hope and the associated measurement instruments have not been available. Accordingly, on the basis of the recent development of a theory of hope and measurement indices related to this construct, the present series of studies was performed to provide initial information about the role of hope in the academic and sport achievements of college students.Previously, scholarly writings have defined hope as a unidimensional construct involving an overall perception that goals can be met (French, 1952;Lewin, 1935;Stotland, 1969). Expanding on this unidimensional model, Snyder and his col-

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“…Indeed, it is difficult from the body of research to conclude even that mood and performance are closely related (see Renger, 1993;Rowley et al, 1995). It is possible however, that much of the equivocality that typifies findings in this area can be explained by methodological factors.…”

Section: Measurement Issuesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Over recent years, there has been a growing realisation that any link between athletic achievement and mood responses is probably more subtle and complex than can be explained readily by the iceberg profile. For example, narrative reviews by Renger (1993) and Terry (1995) have cast doubt on whether it is reasonable to expect mood profiles to predict athletic achievement, and a meta-analysis of pertinent studies by Rowley, Landers, Kyllo, and Etnier (1995) concluded that the iceberg profile accounted for less than 1% of the variance in performance outcome and that the "utility of the POMS in predicting athletic success is questionable" (p. 185).…”

Section: Measurement Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Mood and Emotions in Sport

Terry¹

2003

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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There is no doubt that sport generates powerful emotional responses among participants and spectators alike. The sight of soccer teams and their supporters overwhelmed by euphoria or reduced to despair during the 2002 World Cup is ample testament to this fact. There is also strong anecdotal and scientific evidence that emotions experienced by athletes prior to and during sport performance have a profound effect upon the quality of their performances (see Hanin, 2000). The purpose of this paper is to explore the link between emotional responses and sport performance.The first section addresses conceptual issues, in particular the distinction between the related constructs of emotion and mood; and presents some of the conceptual models put forward by theoreticians. The second section addresses measurement issues. The third section synthesises research on the relationship between mood and athletic performance. The fourth section explores the use of music as a mood management strategy.

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A review of the profile of mood states (POMS) in the prediction of athletic success

Cited by 67 publications

References 5 publications

The profile of mood states and athletic performance: Two meta-analyses

The profile of mood states and athletic performance: Two meta-analyses

Role of hope in academic and sport achievement.

An Overview of Mood and Emotions in Sport

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