A review of the recent development, challenges, and opportunities of electronic waste (e-waste)

Abstract

This study reviews recent developments, challenges, and the prospect of electronic waste (e-waste). Various aspects of e-waste, including collection, pre-treatment, and recycling, are discussed briefly. It is found that Europe is the leading collector of e-waste, followed by Asia, America, Oceania, and Africa. The monetary worth of e-waste raw materials is estimated to be $57.0 billion. However, only $10.0 billion worth of e-waste is recycled and recovered sustainably, offsetting 15.0 million tonnes (Mt) of CO2. The major challenges of e-waste treatment include collection, sorting and inhomogeneity of waste, low energy density, prevention of further waste, emission, and cost-effective recycling. Only 78 countries in the world now have e-waste related legislation. Such legislation is not effectively implemented in most regions. Developing countries like south-eastern Asia and Northern Africa have limited or no e-waste legislation. Therefore, country-specific standards and legislation, public awareness, effective implementation, and government incentives for developing cost-effective technologies are sought to manage e-waste, which will play an important role in the circular economy.

Evaluation of Awareness about Electronic Waste and Concern for the Environment in Tayma Governorate, Tabuk Region, Saudi Arabia

“…According to Mohideen et al [23] the respondents demonstrated a high degree of awareness as well as an adequate level of understanding of the significance of e-waste management. Shahabuddin et al [24] noted that country-specific standards and legislation, public awareness, effective implementation, and government incentives for creating cost-effective technologies are sought in order to effectively manage e-waste, which will play a significant role in the circular economy.…”

Closed Loop Supply Chain: Evaluating Ecological Footprint

“…Therefore, one of the main goals of the article is to propose a method for calculating the scores of the PMS traits and measurements in the case study of the paper by adopting SCOR. To achieve these goals, the Supply Chain Operations Reference model is adjusted for the Performance Management System of the case under investigation using the Best-Worst Method and Nominal Group Technique (Shahabuddin et al, 2022). Despite SCOR's many benefits for assessing the performance of supply chains, certain extra modifications are needed to be made so that it can be tailored for particular uses, as in the case of the sustainable e-waste supply chain in this research.…”

Conversion of Electronic Waste to an Electrochemical Sensor for Dopamine: Using MXene-Modified Liquid Crystal Display Panels

“…The disposal of liquid crystal display (LCD) panels in landfills poses a risk not only to workers but also to the environment owing to the toxic contents of e-waste such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd). As e-waste contains a wide range of materials, it is acting as a valuable source of different raw materials . However, only a small portion of e-waste is recycled globally due to the complexity of collection and difficult recycling methods used at present .…”

“…As e-waste contains a wide range of materials, it is acting as a valuable source of different raw materials. 3 However, only a small portion of e-waste is recycled globally due to the complexity of collection and difficult recycling methods used at present. 4 Hence, it is highly essential to identify proper methods and technologies with a greater focus on recycling and improved e-waste management.…”