A review of the rheology of the lamellar phase in surfactant systems

Berni, Michael Guido; Lawrence, C.J.; Machin, D.

doi:10.1016/s0001-8686(01)00094-x

Cited by 106 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Shear-induced MLVs have been found in many L a phases, [25][26][27][28][29] independent of the type of surfactant used. They have been observed in systems containing anionic, [1][2][3][4]19,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] cationic, [40][41][42][43] nonionic 17,23,[44][45][46][47][48][49] or mixed cationic/anionic surfactants 50 as well as in lamellar phases formed by polymeric surfactants of the block copolymer [51][52][53] or the side-chain polymer type.…”

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Planar lamellae and onions: a spatially resolved rheo–NMR approach to the shear-induced structural transformations in a surfactant model system

et al. 2011

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The shear-induced transformations between oriented planar lamellae and a state of closely packed multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) in a lyotropic nonionic surfactant model system were studied by the combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and diffusometry with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 2H NMR imaging confirmed the discontinuous nature of the transition from onions to planar lamellae, revealing the spatial coexistence of both states within the gap of the cylindrical Couette geometry. On the other hand, NMR diffusion measurements in three principal directions and at various values of strain strongly suggest that a multi-lamellar cylindrical or undulated intermediate structure exists during the continuous and spatially homogeneous transition from planar lamellae to MLVs.

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Planar lamellae and onions: a spatially resolved rheo–NMR approach to the shear-induced structural transformations in a surfactant model system

et al. 2011

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Reversible size of shear-induced multi-lamellar vesicles

et al. 2005

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IntroductionThe behavior of lamellar phases under shear is a subject that has been receiving a lot of attention in the recent years [1][2][3][4]. In fact, many different shear effects have been reported: transformation from lamellar phases to Multi-lamellar vesicles, MLVs (or ''onions''), in different amphiphilic systems and followed by different techniques [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]; formation of MLVs in presence of submicron-size particles (''stuffed onions'') [21]; changes in lamellar orientation [17,22,23]; formation of intermediates with cylindrical structure between a lamellar and MLV phases [24][25][26]; reduction in lamellar spacing [27]; transitions from MLVs to unilamellar vesicles [28] and ''layering'' effects on onions [8,29]. As a practical application, these MLVs can be used, for instance, to encapsulate chemicals leading to a new kind of controlled micro-reactor [30] or as carriers for oligonucleotide delivery [31].The size distribution of shear-induced multi-lamellar surfactant vesicles depends on the applied shear rate. In general, the MLV systems are shear thinning and the average MLV radius, R, decreases as the shear rate increases [5,26,32]. For higher surfactant concentrations, the inter-bilayer spacing is independent of the MLV size [33]. Hence, a decrease in the MLV size is accompanied by an increase in the MLV number density, N/V, where N is the number of vesicles and V the total volume. The MLVs at higher surfactant concentrations are polyhedral. They fill space with a total volume fraction which is essentially unity [8,34] and N/V is approximately proportional to R )3 . Abstract We have investigated the reversibility in the shear-induced multi-lamellar vesicle (MLV) size during stepwise cycling of the shear rate by employing common rheometry, polarized light microscopy and rheo-optic techniques. We thus address the question whether there is a true MLV steady state, irrespective of history. The system studied, was the nonionic surfactant triethylene glycol decyl ether (C 10 E 3 ) with a concentration of 40 wt.% in D 2 O and a constant temperature of 25°C. It was found that the MLV size varies reversibly with varying shear rate, and hence there exists a true steady state in the presence of shear flow. The experimental observations of reversibility are however restricted to higher shear rates. Because the transformation of the size results from the shear strain, the process is very slow at lower shear rates, where the steady state cannot be reached within a reasonable experimental time.

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“…Their sustained release applications have been reported recently [51,[58][59][60][61]. However, these phases, especially cubic phases exhibit very high viscosity [62][63][64][65], causing difficulties in their precise harvesting and thus handling using conventional techniques. One of the best ways to enhance the applicability of these lipid nanostructures is to disperse them into particulate or less viscous systems [66][67][68].…”

Section: Lipid Nanostructured Emulsions: Next Level Of Structural Hiementioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Self-Assemblies and Nanostructured Emulsions for Cosmetic Formulations

Kulkarni

2016

Cosmetics

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A majority of cosmetic products that we encounter on daily basis contain lipid constituents in solubilized or insolubilized forms. Due to their amphiphilic nature, the lipid molecules spontaneously self-assemble into a remarkable range of nanostructures when mixed with water. This review illustrates the formation and finely tunable properties of self-assembled lipid nanostructures and their hierarchically organized derivatives, as well as their relevance to the development of cosmetic formulations. These lipid systems can be modulated into various physical forms suitable for topical administration including fluids, gels, creams, pastes and dehydrated films. Moreover, they are capable of encapsulating hydrophilic, hydrophobic as well as amphiphilic active ingredients owing to their special morphological characters. Nano-hybrid materials with more elegant properties can be designed by combining nanostructured lipid systems with other nanomaterials including a hydrogelator, silica nanoparticles, clays and carbon nanomaterials. The smart materials reviewed here may well be the future of innovative cosmetic applications.

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A review of the rheology of the lamellar phase in surfactant systems

Cited by 106 publications

References 38 publications

Planar lamellae and onions: a spatially resolved rheo–NMR approach to the shear-induced structural transformations in a surfactant model system

Planar lamellae and onions: a spatially resolved rheo–NMR approach to the shear-induced structural transformations in a surfactant model system

Reversible size of shear-induced multi-lamellar vesicles

Lipid Self-Assemblies and Nanostructured Emulsions for Cosmetic Formulations

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