A review of the role of ethylene in biochemical control of ripening in tomato fruit

Goodenough, Peter W.

doi:10.1007/bf00025194

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It was reported that respiration climacteric fruits released a large amount of ethylene during their ripening process to increase the respiration intensity of fruit cells, through which, energy metabolism activities become vigorous. The consumption of sugars would be increased, and starch in pulp cells and the cell wall would degrade under the action of cell wall hydrolases, which caused fruit softening, which is consistent in the results of our group's research (Goodenough, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Fruit softening correlates with enzymatic activities and compositional changes in fruit cell wall during growing in Lycium barbarum L.

Zhao

et al. 2021

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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Summary The present study aims to examine fruit cell wall‐associated fruit softening in Lycium barbarum L. by the microstructure of the fruit cells and the changes in the contents of cell wall components, molecular weights of cell wall polysaccharides and the activities of related cell wall degrading enzymes at different development stages of L. barbarum L. fruit. Fruit firmness significantly declined during ripening, with the greatest reduction between the 28 and 35 days stages. The decrease in firmness correlated with an extensively deformed microstructure in the parenchyma tissues and positively correlated with reductions in the contents of fruit cell wall materials and molecular weight in cell wall polysaccharide. Cellulase, α‐galactosidase, polygalactosidase and pectin methylesterase showed higher activities during 28 days; whereas, the activities of β‐galactosidase were higher during 35 days. These results indicate that cell wall‐related processes are a key feature of early softening in L. barbarum L.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Fruit softening correlates with enzymatic activities and compositional changes in fruit cell wall during growing in Lycium barbarum L.

Zhao

et al. 2021

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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“…The relationship between ET biosynthesis and the induction of the climacteric peak of respiration during fruit ripening, have been investigated in tomato over the past 50 years ( Goodenough, 1986 ; Chaves Soares and Mello-Farias, 2006 ), but the molecular and metabolomic mechanisms involved are still under investigation. In addition to transgenic technology, gene transfer by genome editing methodologies can lead to the integration of the transgene/cisgene, in order to have a more predictable expression ( Cardi and Neal Stewart, 2016 ).…”

Section: Evolution Of Breeding Technologies For Postharvest Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene: Management and breeding for postharvest quality in vegetable crops. A review

Natalini

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Ethylene is a two-carbon gaseous plant growth regulator that involved in several important physiological events, including growth, development, ripening and senescence of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops. The hormone accelerates ripening of ethylene sensitive fruits, leafy greens and vegetables at micromolar concentrations, and its accumulation can led to fruit decay and waste during the postharvest stage. Several strategies of crops management and techniques of plant breeding have been attempted in the last decades to understand ethylene regulation pathways and ethylene-dependent biochemical and physiological processes, with the final aim to extend the produce shelf-life and improve the postharvest quality of fruits and vegetables. These investigation approaches involve the use of conventional and new breeding techniques, including precise genome-editing. This review paper aims to provide a relevant overview on the state of the art related to the use of modern breeding techniques focused on ethylene and ethylene-related metabolism, as well as on the possible postharvest technological applications for the postharvest management of ethylene-sensitive crops. An updated view and perspective on the implications of new breeding and management strategies to maintain the quality and the marketability of different crops during postharvest are given, with particular focus on: postharvest physiology (ethylene dependent) for mature and immature fruits and vegetables; postharvest quality management of vegetables: fresh and fresh cut products, focusing on the most important ethylene-dependent biochemical pathways; evolution of breeding technologies for facing old and new challenges in postharvest quality of vegetable crops: from conventional breeding and marker assisted selection to new breeding technologies focusing on transgenesis and gene editing. Examples of applied breeding techniques for model plants (tomato, zucchini and brocccoli) are given to elucidate ethylene metabolism, as well as beneficial and detrimental ethylene effects.

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“…Work has been published on the role of C 2 H 4 in the biochemical control of ripening in tomato fruit (Bleecker, 1987;Goodenough, 1986;Gray et al, 1994;Sawamura et al, 1978;Yang, 1987). Ethylene is thought to regulate fruit ripening by coordinating the expression of genes that are responsible for a variety of processes, including enhancement of a rise in the rate of respiration, autocatalytic C 2 H 4 production, chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid synthesis, conversion of starch to sugars, and increased activity of cell wall degrading enzymes (Biggs et al, 1986;Davies and Grierson, 1989;Gray et al, 1994;Maunders et al, 1987).…”

Section: Gene Expression During Tomato Fruit Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses of tomato fruit to ethylene at high temperature /

Masarirambi¹

1997

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Lycopene biosynthesis during ripening is inhibited at temperatures of 30C or higher. Tomatoes are typically harvested at a mature but unripe stage of development ("mature green") and treated with C 2 H 4 to initiate ripening. Tomato pulp temperatures may be 30C or greater during parts of the harvest season in Florida and other production areas. In this study, the response of tomatoes to C 2 H 4 at temperatures of 30C and greater was investigated in terms of color development, respiration, C 2 H 4 production, suberization and infection by G. candidum. Tomatoes held in air at 20 to 35C for 24, 48 or 72 hr, then transferred to 20C, ripened slowly and nonuniformily compared to fruit previously treated with C 2 H 4 at the same temperatures and for the same periods of time. Prior exposure to 100 ppm C 2 H 4 at 30C and, in some instances, 35C stimulated red color development in air at 20C. When the duration of C 2 H 4 treatment at 40C was increased to 48 or 72 hr, subsequent red color development was inhibited after transfer to air at 20C. Further vii increase in C 2 H 4 treatment concentration to 1 ,000 ppm did not alter the fruit response to high temperature. There were few ripening behavior differences in terms of respiration, C 2 H 4 production and 1-amino-cyclopropane-carboxylic acid oxidase activity in air at 20C in tomatoes previously exposed to C 2 H 4 at high temperatures (> 30C) for 24 hr compared to those treated at lower temperatures (i.e. 20 and 25C). Ethylene production was inhibited after 48 or 72 hr at 40C but lower temperature exposure stimulated C 2 H 4 production in the following order: 35 > 30 > 25C. During ripening in air at 20C, ACC conversion to C 2 H 4 increased in fruit previously exposed to C 2 H 4 at 20 or 25C but did not change in fruit from 30 or 35C, while exposure to 40C resulted in the lowest ACO acitivity. Fruit previously treated with C 2 H 4 for 72 hr at 30C lost less weight than fruit held at 30C for 24 hr or 48 hr, which lost as much weight as fruit held at 20 or 25C. Fruit held at 35C lost the most weight. There was enough evidence to conclude that the optimum conditions for suberization are between 25 and 30C and near saturation humidity. Wounded mature green tomatoes were inoculated with Geotrichum candidum, placed at 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40C, and treated with air or C 2 H 4 and near saturation RH. Wounded tomatoes previously treated with C 2 H 4 at 35, 30 or 25C subsequently exhibited increased disease development after 9, 10, or 1 1 days in air at 20C, respectively, compared to fruit previously treated with air only. 'Sour rot' severity in air at 20C after at least 9 days increased as the temperature of previous exposure while treating with air or C 2 H 4 increased from 20 to 25 and 30C and then declined in fruit that came from 35C. A thermophilic bacteria, which caused decay only in wounded tomatoes at temperatures > 35C, was identified as probably being a Bacillus species after Gram testing. viii

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A review of the role of ethylene in biochemical control of ripening in tomato fruit

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Fruit softening correlates with enzymatic activities and compositional changes in fruit cell wall during growing in Lycium barbarum L.

Fruit softening correlates with enzymatic activities and compositional changes in fruit cell wall during growing in Lycium barbarum L.

Ethylene: Management and breeding for postharvest quality in vegetable crops. A review

Physiological responses of tomato fruit to ethylene at high temperature /

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