A Review of the Salivary Proteome and Peptidome and Saliva-derived Peptide Therapeutics

Huq, N. Laila; Cross, Keith J.; Ung, Men; Myroforidis, Helen; Veith, Paul D.; Chen, Dina; Stanton, David P.; He, Hao; Ward, Barry; Reynolds, Eric C.

doi:10.1007/s10989-007-9109-9

Cited by 75 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Fragments 1-14, 1-25, 5-25, 26 -35, 26 -44, and 36 -44 of P-C peptide have been already detected in saliva from healthy subjects (27). An association of fragments 1-14 and 26 -44 to high numbers of dental caries and the presence of fragment 1-14 in saliva of subjects affected by Sjogrens syndrome were also reported (28). The same authors also detected fragments 1-25 and 15-44 in whole saliva of normal subjects, whereas fragments 1-14 e 26 -44 were found in parotid saliva in another study (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Alterations of the Salivary Secretory Peptidome Profile in Children Affected by Type 1 Diabetes

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et al. 2010

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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The acidic soluble fraction of whole saliva of type 1 diabetic children was analyzed by reversed phase (RP) 1 -HPLC-ESI-MS and compared with that of sex-and age-matched control subjects. Salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoproteins (aPRP), histatins, ␣-defensins, salivary cystatins, statherin, proline-rich peptide P-B (P-B), betathymosins, S100A8 and S100A9*(S100A9* corresponds to S100A9 vairant lacking the first four amino acids), as well some naturally occurring peptides derived from salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoproteins, histatins, statherin, and P-B peptide, were detected and quantified on the basis of the extracted ion current peak area. The level of phosphorylation of salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoproteins, histatin-1 (Hst-1), statherin and S100A9* and the percentage of truncated forms of salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoproteins was also determined in the two groups. The study revealed that statherin, proline-rich peptide P-B, P-C peptide, and histatins, were significantly less concentrated in saliva of diabetic subjects than in controls, while concentration of ␣-defensins 1, 2 and 4 and S100A9* was higher. The low concentration of P-C peptide was paralleled by high levels of some of its fragments. On the whole, the study highlighted the severe impairment of the repertoire of peptides involved in the safeguard of the oral cavity in children who have diabetes, as well as an higher concentration of the proinflammatory mediator S100A9* with respect to healthy children. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 9:2099 -2108, 2010.Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a disease with universal distribution, affecting all populations (1) with an incidence increasing in Europe (2). Because type 1 diabetes involves many organs and tissues, signs and symptoms of diabetes can occur in the oral cavity. Indeed, several studies have shown that the prevalence, severity, and progression of periodontal diseases are significantly increased in diabetics, and the pathology is considered an important risk factor for periodontitis (3). The study of Lalla et al. (4) showed an association between diabetes and the increased risk for periodontal destruction even very early in life. Flow rate and composition of saliva are crucial for the maintenance of oral cavity health, and both have been found altered in diabetic subjects, although with contradictory findings. For instance, several studies reported a reduced resting salivary flow rate in adults and children who have type 1 diabetes with respect to healthy subjects (5-10), but it was also observed that stimulated saliva of diabetics and controls did not significantly differ (11,12). Total protein concentration of saliva was found either increased or not affected by the diabetic status. Lopez et al. (9) reported higher urea and total protein salivary content in diabetic children than in controls. Conversely, a study on 35 adult insulin-dependent diabetics demonstrated that they did not show a decreased saliva concentration of several innate antimicrobial factors (lysozyme, lactoferri...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Alterations of the Salivary Secretory Peptidome Profile in Children Affected by Type 1 Diabetes

Cabras

Pisano

Mastinu

et al. 2010

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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“…In addition, there are Ͼ1200 different proteins that make up only 2% of all the proteins in saliva. Several diseases are associated with salivary disorders, including Sjögren's syndrome (SS), Prader-Willi syndrome, dental caries, and stress-related disorders (16 ). SS is an autoimmune condition, and the presence of autoantibodies in saliva is one of the criteria for SS diagnosis (17 ).…”

Section: Biomolecules Produced In the Salivary Glands And Their Functmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Potential of Saliva: Current State and Future Applications

et al. 2011

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BACKGROUND Over the past 10 years, the use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid has gained attention and has become a translational research success story. Some of the current nanotechnologies have been demonstrated to have the analytical sensitivity required for the use of saliva as a diagnostic medium to detect and predict disease progression. However, these technologies have not yet been integrated into current clinical practice and work flow. CONTENT As a diagnostic fluid, saliva offers advantages over serum because it can be collected noninvasively by individuals with modest training, and it offers a cost-effective approach for the screening of large populations. Gland-specific saliva can also be used for diagnosis of pathology specific to one of the major salivary glands. There is minimal risk of contracting infections during saliva collection, and saliva can be used in clinically challenging situations, such as obtaining samples from children or handicapped or anxious patients, in whom blood sampling could be a difficult act to perform. In this review we highlight the production of and secretion of saliva, the salivary proteome, transportation of biomolecules from blood capillaries to salivary glands, and the diagnostic potential of saliva for use in detection of cardiovascular disease and oral and breast cancers. We also highlight the barriers to application of saliva testing and its advancement in clinical settings. SUMMARY Saliva has the potential to become a first-line diagnostic sample of choice owing to the advancements in detection technologies coupled with combinations of biomolecules with clinical relevance.

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“…18 Van Nieuw Amerongen ve ark. tükürük proteinlerinin diş yüzeyini temizleme, abrazyon ve atrisyona karşı koruma, remineralizasyona teşvik ederek demineralizasyonu geciktirme, asitleri hızla nötralize etme ve oral kaviteyi enfeksiyonlara karşı koruma gibi birçok özelliği olduğunu vurgulamışlardır.…”

Section: Tükürük Protei̇nleri̇unclassified

“…Farklı proteomik yaklaşımlar, tükürük içinde 1.300'ün üzerinde protein olduğunu bildirmiştir. 18 Çürüklere ya da birçok ağız hastalığına karşı olan bu koruma görevinde tükürük proteinlerinin önemi büyüktür. Bu proteinlerin çürük oluşumu veya gelişimi üzerindeki etkisi hâlâ araştırılmakta-dır.…”

Section: Tükürük Protei̇nleri̇unclassified

“…Bakteri hücre duvarındaki spesifik bağları, muramik asit içeren glikopeptit bölgesini, N-asetilmuramikasit ve N-asetil-D-glukozamin arasındaki beta 1-4 bağlarını hidroliz ederek hücre lizizi ve ölümüne sebep olmaktadır. 18 2014 yılında yapılan bir çalışmada, erken çocukluk çağı çürük-leri olan çocuklarda laktoferrin, lizozim ve laktoperoksidaz içerikli diş macunlarının kısa dönem karşılaştırmalı etkisi incelenmiş ve bu proteinleri içeren diş macununun uygulanmasının tükürük-teki S. mutans ve Lactobacillus acidophilus seviyesini azalttığı gösterilmiştir. 31 …”

Section: Lizozimunclassified

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