A review of the toxicity of biomass pyrolysis liquids formed at low temperatures

Diebold, James

doi:10.2172/468520

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Over the past two decades, the toxicological properties of a wide range of liquid products from biomass pyrolysis and gasification processes have been examined. This work (Diebold, 1998) suggests that tar-like products formed at temperatures of about 800 O C or less can safely be handled using standard "safe practices" such as eye protection, gloves, and appropriate clothing. While these tars contain a wide range of chemical constituents, they do not present particular health risks if standard handling procedures are followed.…”

Section: Use and Disposal Of Collected Tarsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hot Gas Conditioning: Recent Progress with Larger-Scale Biomass Gasification Systems; Update and Summary of Recent Progress

Stevens¹

2001

131

105

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As a result of environmental and policy considerations, there is increasing interest in using renewable biomass resources as feedstock for power, fuels, and chemicals and hydrogen. Biomass gasification is seen as an important technology component for expanding the use of biomass. Advanced biomass gasification systems provide clean products that can be used as fuel or synthesis gases in a variety of environmentally friendly processes.Advanced end-use technologies such as gas turbines or synthesis gas systems require high quality gases with narrowly defined specifications. Other systems such as boilers may also have fuel quality requirements, but they will be substantially less demanding. The gas product from biomass gasifiers contains quantities of particulates, tars, and other constituents that may exceed these specified limits. As a result, gas cleaning and conditioning will be required in most systems.Over the past decade, significant research and development activities have been conducted on the topic of gas cleanup and conditioning. This report provides an update of efforts related to large-scale biomass gasification systems and summarizes recent progress. Remaining research and development issues are also summarized.

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Section: Use and Disposal Of Collected Tarsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hot Gas Conditioning: Recent Progress with Larger-Scale Biomass Gasification Systems; Update and Summary of Recent Progress

Stevens¹

2001

131

105

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“…The three important biobased chemicals in future are glycolaldehyde, acetic acid, and acetol, that are present in pyrolysis oil in considerable quantities; wood-derived pyrolysis oils contain about 5-13 wt.% glycolaldehyde, 0.7-7.4 % acetol [45], and 3-12 wt.% acetic acid [14,172]. Glycolaldehyde is used as a food browning agent as well as a substrate for making renewable ethylene glycol [36].…”

Section: Pyrolysis Oil: a Viable Source For Platform Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acetol is also used in food industry to provide flavor to milk and food [115]. The recovery of these bio-based platform chemicals is difficult due to the complex chemical composition of pyrolysis oil and also the dilute concentration of these chemicals in pyrolysis oil [44]. Distillation is not a good choice due to the chemical and thermal instability of pyrolysis oil, and also the minor differences in boiling points of the various chemicals present in the oils.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Oil: a Viable Source For Platform Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial conversion of pyrolytic products to biofuels: a novel and sustainable approach toward second-generation biofuels

Islam

Hassan

et al. 2015

Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

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This review highlights the potential of the pyrolysis-based biofuels production, bio-ethanol in particular, and lipid in general as an alternative and sustainable solution for the rising environmental concerns and rapidly depleting natural fuel resources. Levoglucosan (1,6-anhydrous-β-D-glucopyranose) is the major anhydrosugar compound resulting from the degradation of cellulose during the fast pyrolysis process of biomass and thus the most attractive fermentation substrate in the bio-oil. The challenges for pyrolysis-based biorefineries are the inefficient detoxification strategies, and the lack of naturally available efficient and suitable fermentation organisms that could ferment the levoglucosan directly into bio-ethanol. In case of indirect fermentation, acid hydrolysis is used to convert levoglucosan into glucose and subsequently to ethanol and lipids via fermentation biocatalysts, however the presence of fermentation inhibitors poses a big hurdle to successful fermentation relative to pure glucose. Among the detoxification strategies studied so far, over-liming, extraction with solvents like (n-butanol, ethyl acetate), and activated carbon seem very promising, but still further research is required for the optimization of existing detoxification strategies as well as developing new ones. In order to make the pyrolysis-based biofuel production a more efficient as well as cost-effective process, direct fermentation of pyrolysis oil-associated fermentable sugars, especially levoglucosan is highlly desirable. This can be achieved either by expanding the search to identify naturally available direct levoglusoan utilizers or modify the existing fermentation biocatalysts (yeasts and bacteria) with direct levoglucosan pathway coupled with tolerance engineering could significantly improve the overall performance of these microorganisms.

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“…These phenolics are primarily derived from the lignin component of biomass. A more detailed classification of compounds can be found [24,25] that classifies compounds under the following categories: acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, phenols, guaiacols, syringols, sugars, furans, alkenes, aromatics, nitrogen compounds, and misc. oxygenates.…”

Section: Chemical Nature Of Bio-oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Pyrolysis Oil Production: A Technology Assessment and Economic Analysis

Ringer¹,

Putsche²,

Scahill³

2006

241

235

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Executive SummaryPyrolysis is one of a number of possible paths for converting biomass to higher value products. As such, this technology can play a role in a biorefinery model to expand the suite of product options available from biomass. The intent of this report is to provide the reader with a broad perspective of pyrolysis technology as it relates to converting biomass substrates to a liquid "bio oil" product, and a detailed technical and economic assessment of a fast pyrolysis plant producing 16 tonne/day of bio-oil.The international research community has developed a considerable body of knowledge on the topic over the last twenty-five years. The first part of this report attempts to synthesize much of this information into the relevant issues that are important to advancing pyrolysis technology to commercialization. The most relevant topics fall under the following categories: 1) Technical requirements for converting biomass to high yields of liquid bio-oil 2) Reactor designs capable of meeting technical requirements 3) Bio-oil stability issues and recent findings that address the problem 4) Product specifications and standards that need to be established 5) Applications for using bio-oil in existing or modified end use devices 6) Environmental, safety, and health issues For the bio-oil plant technical and economic analysis, the process is based on fast pyrolysis, which is composed of five major processing areas: feed handling and drying, pyrolysis, char combustion, product recovery, and steam generation. An ASPEN model was developed to simulate the operation of the bio-oil production plant. Based on a 550 tonne/day biomass (wood chips, 50% by mass water content) feed, the cost of the bio-oil for a fully equity financed plant and 10% internal rate of return is $7.62/GJ on a lower heating value (LHV) basis.

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A review of the toxicity of biomass pyrolysis liquids formed at low temperatures

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Hot Gas Conditioning: Recent Progress with Larger-Scale Biomass Gasification Systems; Update and Summary of Recent Progress

Hot Gas Conditioning: Recent Progress with Larger-Scale Biomass Gasification Systems; Update and Summary of Recent Progress

Microbial conversion of pyrolytic products to biofuels: a novel and sustainable approach toward second-generation biofuels

Large-Scale Pyrolysis Oil Production: A Technology Assessment and Economic Analysis

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