A review of traffic-related air pollution exposure assessment studies in the developing world

Han, Xianglu; Naeher, Luke P.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2005.05.020

Cited by 527 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…B enzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and isomers of xylene, commonly called BTEX, are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) widely present in petroleum products and added to fuels to increase their octane number [1]. They have toxic health effects depending on duration and levels of exposure [2][3][4][5]. In addition, BTEX in urban air contribute significantly to the smog photochemical reactions leading to ozone formation in the troposphere [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Direct atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for the continuous real-time trace analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in ambient air

Badjagbo

Picard

Moore³

et al. 2009

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Real-time monitoring of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in ambient air is essential for the early warning detection associated with the release of these hazardous chemicals and in estimating the potential exposure risks to humans and the environment. We have developed a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method for continuous real-time determination of ambient trace levels of BTEX. The technique is based on the sampling of air via an atmospheric pressure inlet directly into the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source. The method is linear over four orders of magnitude, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.996. Low limits of detection in the range 1-2 g/m 3 are achieved for BTEX. The reliability of the method was confirmed through the evaluation of quality parameters such as repeatability and reproducibility (relative standard deviation below 8% and 10%, respectively) and accuracy (over 95%). The applicability of this method to real-world samples was evaluated through measurements of BTEX levels in real ambient air samples and results were compared with a reference GC-FID method. This direct APCI-MS/MS method is suitable for real-time analysis of BTEX in ambient air during regulation surveys as well as for the monitoring of industrial processes or emergency situations. B enzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and isomers of xylene, commonly called BTEX, are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) widely present in petroleum products and added to fuels to increase their octane number [1]. They have toxic health effects depending on duration and levels of exposure [2][3][4][5]. In addition, BTEX in urban air contribute significantly to the smog photochemical reactions leading to ozone formation in the troposphere [6].Several analytical methods have been developed to perform real-time measurements of such compounds in ambient air, and recently, we have published a comprehensive review of the most commonly used on-site methods for continuous real-time monitoring of airborne VOCs [7]. Differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) has been applied widely for near real-time monitoring of BTEX in ambient air [8,9], but the presence of oxygen, ozone, and several hydrocarbons with similar spectra gives rise to severe interference effects.Proton-transfer reaction/mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) has been used in several field studies for real-time monitoring of atmospheric BTEX [10,11], but there are certain isobaric interferences in the PTR-MS measurements of these hydrocarbons (e.g., notably benzaldehyde).Other direct-air sampling (DS)-MS methods widely used for real-time determination of BTEX in ambient air are low-pressure chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (LPCI-MS/MS) [12,13] and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (APCI-MS/MS) [14,15]. However, they are not yet very conclusive for measuring BTEX in ambient air at low-g/m 3 concentrations [7].The work described in the present article demonstrates the application of a direct APCI-MS/MS system for real-ti...

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confidence: 99%

“…They have toxic health effects depending on duration and levels of exposure [2][3][4][5]. In addition, BTEX in urban air contribute significantly to the smog photochemical reactions leading to ozone formation in the troposphere [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for the continuous real-time trace analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in ambient air

Badjagbo

Picard

Moore³

et al. 2009

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…The PM 2.5 pollution particles in air have complicated compositions including inorganic matter (such as SiO 2 , SO 4 2 À and NO 3 À ) and organic matter (such as, organic carbon and elemental carbon) from diverse sources including soil dust, vehicular emission, coal combustion, secondary aerosols, industrial emission and biomass burning 1,[18][19][20][21] . The behaviour of PM particles are different because of their chemical compositions, morphologies and mechanical properties 15 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Transparent air filter for high-efficiency PM2.5 capture

et al. 2015

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Particulate matter (PM) pollution has raised serious concerns for public health. Although outdoor individual protection could be achieved by facial masks, indoor air usually relies on expensive and energy-intensive air-filtering devices. Here, we introduce a transparent air filter for indoor air protection through windows that uses natural passive ventilation to effectively protect the indoor air quality. By controlling the surface chemistry to enable strong PM adhesion and also the microstructure of the air filters to increase the capture possibilities, we achieve transparent, high air flow and highly effective air filters of B90% transparency with 495.00% removal of PM 2.5 under extreme hazardous air-quality conditions (PM 2.5 mass concentration 4250 mg m À 3 ). A field test in Beijing shows that the polyacrylonitrile transparent air filter has the best PM 2.5 removal efficiency of 98.69% at high transmittance of B77% during haze occurrence.

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“…The participants, in the study, were industrial workers working in direct contact with various pollutants emitted by industrial effluents. Previous studies have shown that people are more at risk with occupational exposure to ambient air pollutants than other means [32,33] that lead to a wide range of effects on human health, especially the cardiopulmonary system [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Yoga Module on Pro- Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Industrial Workers of Lonavla: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Rajbhoj¹,

Shete²,

Verma³

et al. 2015

JCDR

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A review of traffic-related air pollution exposure assessment studies in the developing world

Cited by 527 publications

References 99 publications

Direct atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for the continuous real-time trace analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in ambient air

Direct atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for the continuous real-time trace analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in ambient air

Transparent air filter for high-efficiency PM2.5 capture

Effect of Yoga Module on Pro- Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Industrial Workers of Lonavla: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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