A review of vehicle related metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the UK environment

Napier, F.; D’Arcy, Brian; Jefferies, Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2007.02.104

Cited by 81 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) enter aquatic environments via industrial discharge, petroleum spills, the combustion of fossil fuels, automobile exhaust, and nonpoint sources such as urban runoff and atmospheric deposition [1][2][3][4]. They consist of fused aromatic rings without any heteroatoms or substitutions and comprise a group of over 100 different chemicals [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of inorganic–organic mesoporous materials constructed by self-assembly processes for removal of benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene

Costa

Garcia

Santos

et al. 2015

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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The mesoporous materials MCM-41 and the functionalized inorganic-organic material p-aminobenzoic acid-MCM-41 (PABA-MCM-41) were used as adsorbents to remove the PAHs benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene from aqueous media. Both MCM-41 and PABA-MCM-41 exhibited the hexagonal mesostructures typical of the M41S family, as confirmed by SAXS, with type IV isotherms and type H1 hysteresis. The materials showed uniform mesopore size distributions, high surface areas, and thermal stability. Adsorption tests showed that for both mesoporous materials, the quantity adsorbed (q e ) increased for higher initial PAH concentrations, and adsorption equilibrium was reached in around 90 min. The experimental kinetic data were fitted using the pseudosecond-order model, and the adsorption process could be described by the Langmuir isotherm. At higher temperatures, there were increases in the initial rates of adsorption and the kinetic constants for adsorption of the PAHs by PABA-MCM-41. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the process was spontaneous, endothermic, and with a tendency toward disorder of the system at the adsorbent/adsorbate interface. The functionalization of MCM-41 increased the efficiency of adsorption of the PAHs by 44.5 and 32.0 % for benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene, respectively. Graphical Abstract Effect of contact time on adsorption of (a) B[k]F and (b) B[b]F by PABA-MCM-41. Conditions: 0.05 g of PABA-MCM-41, 5 mL of each PAH solution (concentration 200 lg L -1 ), temperature of 25°C, contact time of 300 min, and agitation at 150 rpm. 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 26.5 PAH (a) Benzo[k]fluoranthene (b) Benzo[b]fluoranthene Time (min) q e (µg g -1 )

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of inorganic–organic mesoporous materials constructed by self-assembly processes for removal of benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene

Costa

Garcia

Santos

et al. 2015

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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“…The persistence of PAHs in the environment is mainly due to their low solubility in water and stable polycondensed aromatic structure [1][2][3]. 16 of these compounds have been identified by US Environmental Protection Agency as hazardous contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of novel benzo[a]anthracene-degrading microorganisms and continuous bioremediation in an expanded-bed bioreactor

Rosales

Paz

Vázquez

et al. 2011

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

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In the present work, several samples from lab waste containers polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were investigated as potential sources of PAH-degrading microorganisms. After isolating, two fungal strains were selected as the best degrading microorganisms. Genetic identification by sequencing was carried out and they were identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Byssochlamys spectabilis. Their degradation ability was determined in liquid cultures with 100 μM of benzo[a]anthracene. T. longibrachiatum cultures showed highest degradation values (around 97%) after 9 days, furthermore in a second batch the time was reduced to 6 days. To analyse the viability of industrial application, a continuous treatment in an expanded-bed bioreactor was developed operating at different residence times with T. longibrachiatum immobilised on cubes of nylon sponge. It is noticeable that the bioreactor working in continuous mode was able to operate without operational problems and attaining high degradation levels depending on the residence time.

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“…Zinc contamination from tyres during both active use and disposal were expected to be higher as zinc is found up to 5% in weight as an accelerator activator in tyres [24]. Zinc is an essential requirement for a healthy body, but excess zinc can be harmful and may cause zinc toxicity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of physical and chemical properties of waste tyres in usage/storage areas

Tunç

Bektaş

Öncel

2011

International Journal of Environmental Studies

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Used tyres interact with soil, water and the atmosphere during temporary or permanent storage and also when used as additive or paving materials in landscapes, asphalt, concrete and for coastal protection. Various organic and inorganic compounds can penetrate into the environment from used tyres at various rates dependent on climatic and soil conditions. In this study, laboratory leaching batch experiments were conducted to determine the heavy metals and other constituents that could possibly penetrate into the leachate created during tyre usage/storage. The results obtained in this study showed that tyres were dissolved due to their usage and the climatic and environmental conditions thus leading to soil and groundwater pollution in their usage/reuse/storage/disposal areas. Zinc concentrations were the highest among the heavy metals measured in the simulated leachate. The average weight loss for all tyre samples was calculated as 3.6‰.

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A review of vehicle related metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the UK environment

Cited by 81 publications

References 11 publications

Applications of inorganic–organic mesoporous materials constructed by self-assembly processes for removal of benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene

Applications of inorganic–organic mesoporous materials constructed by self-assembly processes for removal of benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene

Isolation of novel benzo[a]anthracene-degrading microorganisms and continuous bioremediation in an expanded-bed bioreactor

Determination of physical and chemical properties of waste tyres in usage/storage areas

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