A Review of WDM Technology and Applications

Keiser, Gerd

doi:10.1006/ofte.1998.0275

Cited by 171 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…1), while the quarter-wave plate (QP) and half-wave plate (HP) are employed to control the polarization of the passing photons. Therefore, by inserting or removing the phase plate, the signal photons can be coupled into FMF in LP 11 or LP 01 mode, respectively. MC2 is the reverse of MC1 but with the absence of the quarter-wave plate and half-wave plate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation have been achieved over distances of several to tens of kilometers by using metropolitan SMF networks [7][8][9] , which further confirms the capability of SMF network as quantum channel. In the past decades, multiplexing technologies in different degrees of freedom, such as time, wavelength, polarization, and phase, have been exploited to increase the information carrying capacity of SMF [10][11][12][13] . However, due to the fast growing internet traffic, the current fiber communication network based on SMFs is reaching its capacity limit 14 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Entangled Photon Pairs over Few Mode Fibers

Cui

2016

Asia Communications and Photonics Conference 2016

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Few-mode fibers (FMFs) have been recently employed in classical optical communication to increase the data transmission capacity. Here we explore the capability of employing FMF for long distance quantum communication. We experimentally distribute photon pairs in the forms of time-bin and polarization entanglement over a 1-km-long FMF. We find the time-bin entangled photon pairs maintain their high degree of entanglement, no matter what type of spatial modes they are distributed in. For the polarization entangled photon pairs, however, the degree of entanglement is maintained when photon pairs are distributed in LP 01 mode but significantly declines when photon pairs are distributed in LP 11 mode due to a mode coupling effect in LP 11 mode group. We propose and test a remedy to recover the high degree of entanglement. Our study shows, when FMFs are employed as quantum channels, selection of spatial channels and degrees of freedom of entanglement should be carefully considered.Quantum communication has experienced rapid progress in recent years, and is developing towards a practical and mature technology 1 . Transferring high volume of quantum information between distanced places is a paramount task of quantum communication. An effective solution for the task is to encode quantum information on single photons or entangled photons, and distribute the photons over quantum channels of low losses such as optical fiber links. Previously, several examples of entangled photon pair distribution over single-mode fiber (SMF) with distances up to 200 kilometers were successfully demonstrated 2-6 . More recently, quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation have been achieved over distances of several to tens of kilometers by using metropolitan SMF networks [7][8][9] , which further confirms the capability of SMF network as quantum channel. In the past decades, multiplexing technologies in different degrees of freedom, such as time, wavelength, polarization, and phase, have been exploited to increase the information carrying capacity of SMF [10][11][12][13] . However, due to the fast growing internet traffic, the current fiber communication network based on SMFs is reaching its capacity limit 14 . Recent studies have shown that the space-division multiplexing (SDM) based on few-mode fibers (FMFs) is a promising solution to break through such a limit 15,16 . The core diameter of an FMF is slightly larger than that of an SMF, so FMFs can support a few higher-order spatial modes such as LP 11 modes in addition to the fundamental mode LP 01 (see inset of Fig. 1 for the mode structures). Thus the capacity of fiber network can be increased by using the multiplicity of space channels. Since practical quantum communication needs to employ fiber networks as the quantum channels, it is of great importance to evaluate whether the FMF network is capable of carrying quantum information. In a recent work, single photons and classical light were simultaneously transmitted over a 2-m-long FMF in different spatial and polarization mode...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Distribution of Entangled Photon Pairs over Few Mode Fibers

Cui

2016

Asia Communications and Photonics Conference 2016

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“…Emergency for high-capacity telecommunication link and speed limitation of single -wavelength links has resulted in an extraordinary increase in use of the wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) in advanced light-wave networks [4]. This paper extends contribution of [5] by presenting a detailed assessment of the WDM optical data link for lowcost LAN applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Modal Characteristics of Coupled Resonator Vertical Cavity Laser Diode

Xu¹,

Cheng²,

Huang³

2016

Advances in Optoelectronic Materials

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Current local area network (LAN) bandwidth demands of > 1 Gb/s are pushing the limit of the bandwidth distance product of multimode fiber. In order to overcome these limitations, a low-cost, compact wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) scheme is demonstrated. Aggregation bit rate of 5 Gb/s are achieved through 100 m of 62.5/125-µ m multimode fiber which are used at 820, 840, 860, 880 nm with each operating at a bit rate of 5 Gb/s. This technology provides a practical solution for reaching bit rates up to 10 Gb/s in the LAN. The possible angular misalignment effects in fiber-optic coupling and alignment process is also identified and evaluated for the development of low-cost fiber-optic component manufacturing technologies. It is further demonstrated the design and implementation of a novel multiple-wavelength optical data link for low-cost multi-mode wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) local-area network applications.

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“…For example, different wavelengths can be used to send multiple signals along optical fibers [22] in so-called wavelength-division multiplexing. Fundamentally, for wavelength-division multiplexing, the number of different wavelengths (or, more generally, the number of channels or degrees of freedom) depends on the bandwidth of the channel and the extent of interchannel interference (crosstalk) that can be tolerated.…”

Section: Polarization Encoding and Degrees Of Freedommentioning

confidence: 99%

Information and resolution in electromagnetic optical systems

Foreman

Török

2010

Phys. Rev. A

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Quantitative analysis can play a vital role in a number of polarization-based optical systems, yet to date no definition regarding resolution in the polarization domain exists. By adopting a stochastic framework, a suitable metric is developed in this article, allowing a number of polarimetric systems to be assessed and compared. In so doing, the performance dependencies of polarization-based systems are demonstrated and fundamental trends are identified.

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A Review of WDM Technology and Applications

Cited by 171 publications

References 72 publications

Distribution of Entangled Photon Pairs over Few Mode Fibers

Distribution of Entangled Photon Pairs over Few Mode Fibers

Modal Characteristics of Coupled Resonator Vertical Cavity Laser Diode

Information and resolution in electromagnetic optical systems

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