A Review on Antistaphylococcal Secondary Metabolites from Basidiomycetes

Abstract

Fungi are a rich source of secondary metabolites with several pharmacological activities such as antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer to name a few. Due to the large number of diverse structured chemical compounds they produce, fungi from the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Muccoromycota have been intensively studied for isolation of bioactive compounds. Basidiomycetes-derived secondary metabolites are known as a promising source of antibacterial compounds with activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The continued emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major challenge to patient health as it leads to higher morbidity and mortality, higher hospital-stay duration and substantial economic burden in global healthcare sector. One of the key culprits for AMR crisis is Staphylococcus aureus causing community-acquired infections as the pathogen develops resistance towards multiple antibiotics. The recent emergence of community strains of S. aureus harbouring methicillin-resistant (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) genes associated with increased virulence is challenging. Despite the few significant developments in antibiotic research, successful MRSA therapeutic options are still needed to reduce the use of scanty and expensive second-line treatments. This paper provides an overview of findings from various studies on antibacterial secondary metabolites from basidiomycetes, with a special focus on antistaphylococcal activity.

Cyclic and Acyclic Amine Oxide Alkyl Derivatives as Potential Adjuvants in Antimicrobial Chemotherapy against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with an MDR Profile

“…S. aureus is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria, usually associated with nosocomial infections, expressing a multidrug resistance (MDR) profile, showing resistance to more than three classes of approved antibiotics. The increasing incidence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) S. aureus is a crucial issue, especially for community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

“…Hence the idea to develop molecules that can restore “old” antibiotic molecules or exert their action with mechanisms unrelated to the classic ones is attractive. The use of synthetic or natural drug combinations or adjuvants is beginning to open a new way to develop new antimicrobial solutions [ 7 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Novel Treatments and Preventative Strategies Against Food-Poisoning Caused by Staphylococcal Species

“…Fungi are another very rich source of antimicrobial compounds that include terpenes, anthraquinones, quinolines, or benzoic acid derivatives (Table 1). For example, members of the genus Ganoderma produce many antimicrobial compounds that have been tested against S. aureus [90,103]. However, the lack of knowledge on the mechanism of action of these compounds is still impeding their application in the food industry.…”

“…Other European-distributed fungi such as Caloboletus radicans produce the anti-staphylococcal compounds 8-deacetylcyclocalopin [90]. In addition, Pleurotus sajor-caju produces acid compounds with anti-staphylococcal activity, such as p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, and cinnamic acids [90,91].…”

A Systematic Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Basidiomycota Crude Extracts

“…Fruiting bodies of species belonging to phylum Basidiomycota (basidiomes) collected in the wild, are the object of the present investigation. Various screenings of basidiomes for antibiotic activity have recently appeared in the literature [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] and several extracts have shown significant results.…”