A review on biomass: importance, chemistry, classification, and conversion

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS Overview of biomass sources and related chemical composition are presented. Biomass conversion technologies and final products are reviewed and discussed. Economic and environmental analysis of biomassderived energy production was presented. Challenges for further expanssion of biomassderived energy production are presented.

XPS and FTIR Studies of DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtered TiO2 Thin Films on Natural Based-Cellulose Fibers

“…Ginger lily grows easily in mild climates [8] and might even be harvested several times per year. They are similar to all other NBCF in many aspects but reveal marked differences in the relative amounts of their main components (cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose) [7,9]. Ginger lily fibers contain by weight~6% hemicelluloses,~12% lignin [7,9], and high cellulose content of~79%, while cellulose content of sisal, jute, and hemp fibers has been found to be 65%, 61-71%, and 68%, respectively [7].…”

Production and Characterization of Hybrid Briquettes from Corncobs and Oil Palm Trunk Bark under a Low Pressure Densification Technique

“…However, it is lignocellulosic in nature (35.89% lignin) and thus rich in energy content [28]. Lignin content of biomass can be used for heat and power production [29,30], and was confirmed to contribute to bulk density and durability of briquettes [31]. Ultimate and proximate analysis including the calorific value of OPT have shown that it has the potential to serve as a good feedstock for biofuel production [32,33].…”

Investigation of yields and qualities of pyrolysis products obtained from oil palm biomass using an agitated bed pyrolysis reactor

“…The conversion of biomass into biofuels or bioenergy can be performed through several processes, such as mechanical (chopping, palletization, and briquetting), thermochemical (combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, and torrefaction) and biochemical (fermentation and anaerobic digestion) conversion processes (Demirbaş, 2001;McKendry, 2002;Bridgwater, 2012;Tanger et al, 2013;Ranisau et al, 2016;Yelmen et al, 2016;Tursi, 2019). The criteria for choosing the most favorable biomass conversion process from these options are various including the type of biomass (solid, liquid or mixed sample), the biomass properties and characteristics, the desired energy product and utilization, conversion costs, as well as storage and transportation considerations.…”