A Review on BLDC Motor Application in Electric Vehicle (EV) using Battery, Supercapacitor and Hybrid Energy Storage System: Efficiency and Future Prospects

Abstract

The automotive industry has rapidly introduced pollution-free vehicles such as Electric Vehicle (EV). The development and improvement of the EV to replace the conventional vehicle become crucial to obtain the customer satisfaction and high technology achievements. The main systems in EV that are improvise to be switch from the conventional engine with a fuel source to an electric type drive system, include the electric motor and the energy/power storage called battery. There are several types of electric motors that suitable for EV and the best solution was Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor in terms of power, speed, torque and low maintenance. Meanwhile, the fuel source replacement is the electrical energy/power storage such as batteries. The aims were to study the best Energy Storage System (ESS) in EV which leads to introducing Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), but the drawbacks of the system give the opportunity improvement, in replacement using Supercapacitor Energy storage System (SESS) and Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS). SESS is a reliable source, but the stand-alone Supercapacitor also has a minimum operation time. With several adjustments in the energy management control strategy, the discharge rate of energy from a supercapacitor can be minimized to prolong its operation.

Analysis of Lithium-Ion Battery Consumption for Three-Wheeled Electric Vehicle with Variations in Weight and Speed

“…The SMAW method was chosen because it is a welding technique that has high flexibility and efficiency [14,15]. SMAW is a process of joining two or more pieces of metal into a permanent connection using an electric heat source and additional/filling materials in the form of wrapped electrodes [16,17].…”

Energy management strategy for photovoltaic powered hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles

“…An efficient controller achieves effective battery utilization and current stress protection by estimating the power balance between battery-UC because the large variations accelerate the discharging current in the battery [5]. An optimal energy management strategy (EMS) should provide control of battery life, power loss, and other necessary factors [6]. The traditional optimization-based method generates the ideal strategy with more factors and processing effort [7], but the rule-based and real-time strategy is a straightforward one that requires empirical knowledge that does not deliver an optimal solution to EV.…”