A Review on Clonal Propagation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants through Stem Cuttings for Promoting their Cultivation and Conservation

Abstract

Plant based drugs are being popularized in recent past owing to their long-term benefits without causing side effects. Medicinal and aromatic plants are major sources of these drugs, whose quality is largely dependent on active ingredients present in them. Today alarge number of species are on the verge of extinction due to unscientific management practices, over-exploitation, destructive harvesting, poor seed set, low seed viability, pest and disease incidence etc. Hence, there is a great need for their conservation through cultivation for which standardization of propagation methodologiesis of prime importance. Multiplication of these species clonally through cuttings can make their cultivation economicby providing true to type plants that are known to have optimum levels of active ingredients. Rooting of stem cuttings is a crucial step in plant propagation and there is great variability in the rooting ability of different species. Even though propagation through cuttings appears to be the simplest of all methods, its success depends on a number of factors and the present review concerned highlighting their importance in the context of medicinal and aromatic plants multiplication.

Efecto de diferentes sustratos en la aclimatación y costos de plantas micropropagadas de caña flecha (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl)

“…Ex vitro acclimatization of arrow cane micropropagated plants has traditionally been done by transferring in vitro grown plants into high cost peat substrate because of high water retention that contributes to full plant recovery (Suárez, et al, 2013;Suárez, et al, 2020). Substrate mixes are intended to provide support to the plants, retain moisture, allow drainage and provide nutrients, especially for root growth and development; however, using locally available materials such as sand, crops residues, compost, rice husk and soil contribute to lower substrate associated costs (Dias, et al, 2018;Pascual, et al, 2018;Waman, et al 2019). In the present research, the effect of peat and two substrate mixes on plant recovery and growth were evaluated and cost associated with the ex vitro acclimatization stage calculated.…”

Prioritizing Plants around the Cross-Border Area of Greece and the Republic of North Macedonia: Integrated Conservation Actions and Sustainable Exploitation Potential

“…Although asexual propagation does not offer genetic diversity to the offspring [38], when applied properly (namely careful selection of initial plant materials (selected genotypes), season, and methodology) it can be more successful from seed propagation in terms of plant production. Therefore, asexual propagation can be considered a useful tool in the ex-situ production of valuable plant material for conservation and natural population reinforcement [39,40] as it can be used to increase adequately the number of identical individuals per selected genotype to meet the needs of defined conservation targets or actions [20]. Such approaches most often use softwood cuttings and external hormone application at different concentration under mist and experimentation performed at various seasons following the growth pattern of the studied species (e.g., [40][41][42][43]).…”

“…Therefore, asexual propagation can be considered a useful tool in the ex-situ production of valuable plant material for conservation and natural population reinforcement [39,40] as it can be used to increase adequately the number of identical individuals per selected genotype to meet the needs of defined conservation targets or actions [20]. Such approaches most often use softwood cuttings and external hormone application at different concentration under mist and experimentation performed at various seasons following the growth pattern of the studied species (e.g., [40][41][42][43]). Additionally, plant division can be also employed, depending on the morphology of the studied species (i.e., plants forming rosettes and/or rhizomes).…”

Adverse Effects of Salt Stress on Rootability of Rosmarinus officinalis Cuttings and their Alleviation by Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) and Bacillus subtilis

“…Therefore, the vegetative propagation is widely preferred rather than propagation by seeds (Hartmann et al, 2014). Propagation of medicinal and aromatic plants by stem cuttings is the most vital method to reproduce plants (Anderson &Woods, 1999 andWaman et al, 2019). It offers production of true-to-type plants in a short time and availability of superior individuals for large scale commercial plantation with quick productive gains (Kiuru et al, 2015).…”