A review on CO2 leakage detection in shallow subsurface using geophysical surveys

Sensitivity of geophysical techniques for monitoring secondary CO2 storage plumes

“…Monitoring tools evaluated in research GCS projects could become mature tools by the time the first large-scale GCS storage sites enter the post-injection phase. Examples of those include electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), electromagnetic (EM) methods (Girard et al, 2011;Carrigan et al, 2013;Schmidt-Hattenberger et al, 2016;Park et al, 2017;Caesary et al, 2020), gravity monitoring methods (Nooner et al, 2007;Alnes et al, 2008;Alnes et al, 2011;Dodds et al, 2013;Bonneville et al, 2021), and vertical seismic profiling (Hovorka et al, 2011;Coueslan et al, 2013;Daley et al, 2015;Gotz et al, 2014;Bauer et al, 2019;White, 2019;Popik et al, 2020). The diversity and availability of various monitoring tools highlight the importance of adopting a flexible approach during monitoring design that should be adapted as technology improves.…”

Effect of Inorganic Acid Concentration on Sandstone Surface Chemistry Examined via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

“…Overall, it is clear that rock surface chemistry is a key parameter which characterizes subsurface settings and associated fluid flow, for example, in volcanic studies, geothermal energy production, hydrocarbon production, seismoelectric responses, or salt water intrusion into drinking water reservoirs. , Moreover, and importantly, the rock surface charge is also related to rock wettability, which is a crucial factor in multiphase flow scenarios, for example, in CO 2 geo-sequestration, H 2 geo-storage, contaminant hydrology, or hydrocarbon production. ,− One current key concern during CO 2 geo-sequestration is the possibility of CO 2 leakage into groundwater aquifers which leads to degradation of groundwater quality . Injection of CO 2 into aquifers creates an acidic subsurface resulting in the production of H + ions and thereby a reduction in pH .…”

“…40,92−94 One current key concern during CO 2 geo-sequestration is the possibility of CO 2 leakage into groundwater aquifers which leads to degradation of groundwater quality. 95 Injection of CO 2 into aquifers creates an acidic subsurface resulting in the production of H + ions and thereby a reduction in pH. 96 Geochemical reactions between the CO 2 -rich acidic brine and the rock surface are thus of utmost importance to a systematic understanding of the characteristics and the chemical reactions of the mineral subsurface in order to accurately predict reservoir behavior and optimize the various abovementioned processes (especially where acid is involved).…”

Geophysical Survey Applications in Underground Research Laboratories and Deep Disposal Sites of Spent Nuclear Fuel

“…지구물리탐사 방법은 비파괴적으로 매질의 물성을 파악 하여 매질 내부를 평가할 수 있는 가장 효율적이면서도 적 합한 기법으로 (Walton et al, 2015), 시추공 조사 등의 직접 탐사에 비해 경제적이다. 물리탐사는 전통적으로 석유나 지하수, 광물 등의 자원 조사에 활용되어 왔으며(e.g., Daneshvar Saein et al, 2012;Watlet et al, 2018), 환경 오 염 및 안전 분야(e.g., Castelluccio et al, 2018;Soupios et al, 2007)나 CO 2 지중 저장 관련 분야(e.g., Lamert et al, 2012;Denchik et al, 2014;Caesary et al, 2020) 등에서도 활발하게 적용되며 응용 분야가 넓어지고 있다. 심층처분장이나 URL 내부 혹은 지표면에서도 물리탐사 를 수행함으로써 시설의 안전성 평가하고 현장 실험을 모 니터링할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라(e.g., Shigeta et al, 2003;Siren et al, 2015;Macy et al, 2012), 지하 매질의 암반 균 열과 지하수 분포 정보, 공학적 방벽 등의 구조지질학적, 수 리지질학적, 역학적 특성도 파악할 수도 있다(e.g., Maineult et al, 2013;Baek et al, 2017;Heikkinen et al, 2021).…”