A review on current diagnostic techniques for COVID-19

Jaddaoui, Islam El; Allali, Malika; Raoui, Sanae; Sehli, Sofia; Habib, Nihal; Chaouni, Bouchra; Idrissi, Najib Al; Benslima, Najwa; Maher, Wissal; Benrahma, Houda; Hamamouch, Noureddine; Bissati, Kamal El; Kasmi, Sahar El; Hamdi, Salsabil; Bakri, Youssef; Nejjari, Chakib; Amzazi, Saaïd; Ghazal, Hassan

doi:10.1080/14737159.2021.1886927

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…During the course of COVID‐19, IgM and IgG type Abs are occurring 10 . The data about SARS‐CoV‐2 indicate that less than 40% of these Abs were encountered in the first week, and the rate of Abs in the first 15 days was 94.3% (IgM) and 79.8% (IgG) 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the COVID‐19 seroconversion in older adults resemble the young?

Soytaş

Cengiz

Islamoğlu

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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High antibody titers have been found to correlate with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) disease. Therefore, antibody titers may be higher in older adults, whose disease is known to have a more severe course than younger ones. This study aimed to compare the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody level in the reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) to test positive older adults with young. Patients aged ≥18 with positive RT‐PCR and checked serum IgG antibodies between November 1, 2020 and January 13, 2021 were included. The IgG antibody levels and the time between RT‐PCR positivity with the antibody levels were recorded. A total of 1071 patients were divided into two groups as Group 1 <60 years old ( n = 902) and Group 2 ≥60 years old ( n = 169). The SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody titers were higher in Group 2 ( p = 0.001). This height was present in the first 3 months after positive RT‐PCR. While the antibody titers were compared by dividing Group 2 into the three groups according to age ranges (60–69, 70–79, and ≥80 years), the antibody titer was higher in ≥80 years patients ( p = 0.044). High COVID‐19 IgG antibody levels may be associated with the severity of the disease. Also, the humoral immunity advantage was seen in the first 3 months in the older patients, which suggests that older adults with COVID‐19 may develop reinfection in the long term.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the COVID‐19 seroconversion in older adults resemble the young?

Soytaş

Cengiz

Islamoğlu

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Inspired by these studies, RT-LAMP-based methods have been developed to enable the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. In specific, several RT-LAMP-enhanced fluorescent/colorimetric assays target different SARS-CoV-2 gene regions [ 69 , 70 ]. However, these reported RT-LAMP assays suffer the risk of false positive results because of the use of traditional monitoring techniques, such as agarose gel electrophoresis, SYBR Green, calcein, or pH indicators that are not specific for SARS-CoV-2 LAMP products [ 55 , 71 ].…”

Section: Lfa For Viral Nucleic Acid Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point-of-care COVID-19 diagnostics powered by lateral flow assay

Zhou

Ding

et al. 2021

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

136

118

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Since its first discovery in December 2019, the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been posing a serious threat to human life and health. Diagnostic testing is critical for the control and management of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, diagnostic testing at the point of care (POC) has been widely accepted as part of the post restriction COVID-19 control strategy. Lateral flow assay (LFA) is a popular POC diagnostic platform that plays an important role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in industrialized countries and resource-limited settings. Numerous pioneering studies on the design and development of diverse LFA-based diagnostic technologies for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 have been done and reported by researchers. Hundreds of LFA-based diagnostic prototypes have sprung up, some of which have been developed into commercial test kits for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the crucial role of rapid diagnostic tests using LFA in targeting SARS-CoV-2-specific RNA, antibodies, antigens, and whole virus. Then, we discuss the design principle and working mechanisms of these available LFA methods, emphasizing their clinical diagnostic efficiency. Ultimately, we elaborate the challenges of current LFA diagnostics for COVID-19 and highlight the need for continuous improvement in rapid diagnostic tests.

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“…Molecular tests for COVID-19 are generally divided into two types: viral and antibody testing [50,51]. Viral testing can identify whether a person is currently infected with SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Molecular Tests For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Efficacy of Lateral Flow Point-of-Care Testing Devices for Rapid and Mass COVID-19 Diagnosis by the Detections of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

Hsieh

Lin

et al. 2021

Diagnostics

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The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2020–2021. COVID-19 is becoming one of the most fatal pandemics in history and brings a huge challenge to the global healthcare system. Opportune detection, confinement, and early treatment of infected cases present the first step in combating COVID-19. Diagnosis via viral nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) is frequently employed and considered the standard procedure. However, with an increasing urge for point-of-care tests, rapid and cheaper immunoassays are widely utilized, such as lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), which can be used for rapid, early, and large-scale detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this narrative review, the principle and technique of LFIA applied in COVID-19 antigen and antibody detection are introduced. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the commercial LFIA tests are outlined and compared. Generally, LFIA antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 are less sensitive than viral NAATs, the “gold standard” for clinical COVID-19 diagnosis. However, antigen tests can be used for rapid and mass testing in high-risk congregate housing to quickly identify people with COVID-19, implementing infection prevention and control measures, thus preventing transmission. LFIA anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests, IgM and/or IgG, known as serology tests, are used for identification if a person has previously been exposed to the virus or vaccine immunization. Notably, advanced techniques, such as LFT-based CRISPR-Cas9 and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), have added new dimensions to the COVID-19 diagnosis and are also discussed in this review.

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A review on current diagnostic techniques for COVID-19

Cited by 30 publications

References 57 publications

Does the COVID‐19 seroconversion in older adults resemble the young?

Does the COVID‐19 seroconversion in older adults resemble the young?

Point-of-care COVID-19 diagnostics powered by lateral flow assay

Development and Efficacy of Lateral Flow Point-of-Care Testing Devices for Rapid and Mass COVID-19 Diagnosis by the Detections of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

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