A Review on Delivery of Anti-Cancer Drugs by Smart Nanocarriers: Data Obtained from Past One Decade

Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Based Co-Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy

“…; whereas, organic-based nanoparticles include polymeric micelles, nano-emulsions, polymersomes, liposomes, dendrimers, noisomes, etc. [ 12 , 14 , 34 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”

“…A range of lipid-based carriers with varying physicochemical characteristics and structures, depending on the lipid content and manufacturing procedures, have been used. Most lipid nanocarriers are characterized by their biocompatibility, elevated drug loading competence, stability in vivo, and controlled drug release patterns [ 12 , 39 ]. Liposomes, niosomes, lipid micelles, nano-emulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, chitosan-based nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers are all examples of lipid-based nanocarriers [ 14 , 64 , 65 ].…”

“…Polymersomes are self-assembled artificial vesicles that are empty at the center; thus, they have a structural pattern that is comparable to that of polymer liposomes [ 12 ]. Polymersomes are constructed from synthetic amphiphilic block copolymers such that hydrophilic molecules are in the aqueous solution-filled core, whereas the hydrophobic molecules are located within the membrane.…”

“…The overexpression of ABC transporters decreases the cells’ sensitization to chemotherapeutic drugs, hence, changing the drug’s metabolic route, actuating DNA restoration function, etc. Consequently, MDR is a crucial factor that annuls the effect and development of a wide scope of chemotherapeutics agents [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Other studied predictive markers that confer MDR include the differential overexpression of SEMA6D protein, liver x receptor alpha (LXRα) transcription factors, and ITGA7 genes in breast cancer cells [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

“…The concept of the co-delivery approach first occurred from merging two research fields: drug delivery and gene therapy. Co-delivery systems combine at least two therapeutic agents with different physiological and physicochemical properties; thus, achieving clinical combination chemotherapy [ 5 , 12 , 23 ]. Taking into consideration the co-delivery strategy, combination therapy via nanotechnology approaches has progressively become a desirable technique and one of the leading frontiers in research to find an efficient drug delivery system (DDS) [ 23 , 24 ].…”