A review on East Asian dust storm climate, modelling and monitoring

Shao, Yaping; Dong, Chaohua

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.02.011

Cited by 434 publications

(317 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Transport occurred at 3-6 km following a strongly southerly pathway over eastern Siberia and Alaska. Spring is also the season when the occurrence frequency of dust storms is maximum in East Asia (Shao and Dong, 2006). In particular, dust lifted from the Taklimakan Desert follows a northwestward route and is injected at altitudes above 5 km (Sun et al, 2001;Yumimoto et al, 2009).…”

Section: Springtime Aerosol Extinction Maximum In the Middle And Uppementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and seasonal distribution of Arctic aerosols observed by the CALIOP satellite instrument (2006–2012)

et al. 2013

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We use retrievals of aerosol extinction from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) onboard the CALIPSO satellite to examine the vertical, horizontal and temporal variability of tropospheric Arctic aerosols during the period 2006–2012. We develop an empirical method that takes into account the difference in sensitivity between daytime and nighttime retrievals over the Arctic. Comparisons of the retrieved aerosol extinction to in situ measurements at Barrow (Alaska) and Alert (Canada) show that CALIOP reproduces the observed seasonal cycle and magnitude of surface aerosols to within 25 %. In the free troposphere, we find that daytime CALIOP retrievals will only detect the strongest aerosol haze events, as demonstrated by a comparison to aircraft measurements obtained during NASA's ARCTAS mission during April 2008. This leads to a systematic underestimate of the column aerosol optical depth by a factor of 2–10. However, when the CALIOP sensitivity threshold is applied to aircraft observations, we find that CALIOP reproduces in situ observations to within 20% and captures the vertical profile of extinction over the Alaskan Arctic. Comparisons with the ground-based high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) at Eureka, Canada, show that CALIOP and HSRL capture the evolution of the aerosol backscatter vertical distribution from winter to spring, but a quantitative comparison is inconclusive as the retrieved HSRL backscatter appears to overestimate in situ observations by a factor of 2 at all altitudes. In the High Arctic (>70° N) near the surface (<2 km), CALIOP aerosol extinctions reach a maximum in December–March (10–20 Mm⁻¹), followed by a sharp decline and a minimum in May–September (1–4 Mm⁻¹), thus providing the first pan-Arctic view of Arctic haze seasonality. The European and Asian Arctic sectors display the highest wintertime extinctions, while the Atlantic sector is the cleanest. Over the Low Arctic (60–70° N) near the surface, CALIOP extinctions reach a maximum over land in summer due to boreal forest fires. During summer, we find that smoke aerosols reach higher altitudes (up to 4 km) over eastern Siberia and North America than over northern Eurasia, where they remain mostly confined below 2 km. In the free troposphere, the extinction maximum over the Arctic occurs in March–April at 2–5 km altitude and April–May at 5–8 km. This is consistent with transport from the midlatitudes associated with the annual maximum in cyclonic activity and blocking patterns in the Northern Hemisphere. A strong gradient in aerosol extinction is observed between 60° N and 70° N in the summer. This is likely due to efficient stratocumulus wet scavenging at high latitudes combined with the poleward retreat of the polar front. Interannual variability in the middle and upper troposphere is associated with biomass burning events (high extinctions observed by CALIOP in spring 2008 and summer 2010) and volcanic eruptions (Kasatochi in August 2008 and Sarychev in June 2009). CALIOP displays below-a...

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Section: Springtime Aerosol Extinction Maximum In the Middle And Uppementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and seasonal distribution of Arctic aerosols observed by the CALIOP satellite instrument (2006–2012)

et al. 2013

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“…Shao, 2000), direct quantitative translation from RS data to ground-based measurements can be difficult. In cases, dune researchers can borrow from dust emissions researchers, who have integrated models and remote sensing of surface properties for some time (e.g., Lu and Shao, 2001;Shao and Dong, 2006;Yin et al, 2006;Bullard, 2010, among others). However, researchers of dune dynamics may require finer scale data than presently included in dust models and a research gap exists in translating RS parameterizations directly to increases in critical threshold and reduction in near surface shear stress.…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing and spatial analysis of aeolian sand dunes: A review and outlook

Hugenholtz

Levin

Barchyn

et al. 2012

Earth-Science Reviews

177

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“…In respect to the origin of iron-rich particles in winter, it must be kept in mind that although dust emissions in Asia peak in spring (Shao and Dong, 2006), the transport of dust to the southern Tibetan and Himalayan region is more efficient in winter because of the shift of the 500 hPa jet stream toward south during the dry season (Han et al, 2008). Kaspari et al (2009) found a correlation between the deposition of iron-rich dust particles on the northeast ridge of Mount Everest with the emission from distal sources in Africa and in the middle East.…”

Section: Mineral Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub> at the high-altitude Himalayan station Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P) (5079 m a.s.l.)

et al. 2010

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Abstract. We report chemical composition data for PM 10 and PM 1 from the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P), the world's highest aerosol observatory, located at 5079 m a.s.l. at the foothills of Mt. Everest. Despite its high altitude, the average PM 10 mass apportioned by the chemical analyses is of the order of 6 µg m −3 (i.e., 10 µg/scm), with almost a half of this mass accounted for by organic matter, elemental carbon (EC) and inorganic ions, the rest being mineral dust. Organic matter, in particular, accounted for by 2.0 µg m −3 (i.e., 3.6 µg/scm) on a yearly basis, and it is by far the major PM 10 component beside mineral oxides. Non-negligible concentrations of EC were also observed (0.36 µg/scm), confirming that light-absorbing aerosol produced from combustion sources can be efficiently transported up the altitudes of Himalayan glaciers. The concentrations of carbonaceous and ionic aerosols follow a common time trend with a maximum in the premonsoon season, a minimum during the monsoon and a slow recovery during the postmonsoon and dry seasons, which is the same phenomenology observed for other Nepalese Himalayan sites in previous studies. Such seasonal cycle can be explained by the seasonal variations of dry and moist convection and of wet scavenging processes characterizing the climate of north Indian subcontinent. We document the effect of orographic transport of carbonaceous and sulphate particles upslope the Himalayas, showing that the valley breeze circulation, whichCorrespondence to: S. Decesari (s.decesari@isac.cnr.it) is almost permanently active during the out-of-monsoon season, greatly impacts the chemical composition of PM 10 and PM 1 in the high Himalayas and provides an efficient mechanism for bringing anthropogenic aerosols into the Asian upper troposphere (>5000 m a.s.l.). The concentrations of mineral dust are impacted to a smaller extent by valley breezes and follow a unique seasonal cycle which suggest multiple source areas in central and south-west Asia. Our findings, based on two years of observations of the aerosol chemical composition, provide clear evidence that the southern side of the high Himalayas is impacted by transport of anthropogenic aerosols which constitute the Asian brown cloud.

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A review on East Asian dust storm climate, modelling and monitoring

Cited by 434 publications

References 81 publications

Spatial and seasonal distribution of Arctic aerosols observed by the CALIOP satellite instrument (2006–2012)

Spatial and seasonal distribution of Arctic aerosols observed by the CALIOP satellite instrument (2006–2012)

Remote sensing and spatial analysis of aeolian sand dunes: A review and outlook

Chemical composition of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub> at the high-altitude Himalayan station Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P) (5079 m a.s.l.)

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A review on East Asian dust storm climate, modelling and monitoring

Cited by 434 publications

References 81 publications

Spatial and seasonal distribution of Arctic aerosols observed by the CALIOP satellite instrument (2006–2012)

Spatial and seasonal distribution of Arctic aerosols observed by the CALIOP satellite instrument (2006–2012)

Remote sensing and spatial analysis of aeolian sand dunes: A review and outlook

Chemical composition of PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; at the high-altitude Himalayan station Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P) (5079 m a.s.l.)

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Chemical composition of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub> at the high-altitude Himalayan station Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P) (5079 m a.s.l.)