A review on heterogeneous oxidation of acetaminophen based on micro and nanoparticles catalyzed by different activators

Abstract

Emerging contaminants are the contaminants that newly identified their adverse effects on the environment. Pharmaceutical compounds have gained researchers’ attention among developing organic pollutants as the demand for pharmaceutical compounds has increased, implying their continuing release into the environment. Acetaminophen (ACT) is a popular drug that is wildly used without prescription for the relief of headaches and rheumatic pains. In some places, the detected values of ACT are more than the natural values, which may seriously threaten the environment. Many methods have been applied to remove ACT from water. The advanced oxidation process (AOP) based on micro and nanoparticles has shown promising results to remove ACT from an aqueous medium. This review provides a summary and an organization of the scattered available information related to studies that investigated the removal of ACT from water by an AOP based on micro and nanoparticles. Many topics investigated in this review include the influence of temperature, pH, catalyst concentration, pollutant concentration, the effects of scavengers and oxidants, the stability of the catalyst, and doping ratio. The main results obtained for the removal of ACT by using micro and nanoparticles have been discussed in this review.

A review on the degradation of acetaminophen by advanced oxidation process: pathway, by-products, biotoxicity, and density functional theory calculation

“…In our previous work, we mentioned the influence of different parameters, degradation mechanism, degradation efficiency, and catalyst reusability for AOP systems that used to degrade ACT from an aqueous medium. 18 In this review, we are going to collect, organize, and summarize the scattered information related to ACT proposed pathways, by-products, and their biotoxicity. This study also used a computational method to anticipate the ACT degradation pathway.…”

Photocatalytic Degradation of Paracetamol in Aqueous Medium Using TiO2 Prepared by the Sol–Gel Method

“…AOPs are characterized by the production of hydroxyl radicals, which are capable of oxidizing almost any organic molecule, producing CO 2 and H 2 O. Moreover, there have recently been numerous approaches to improve the photocatalytic processes by using TiO 2 -based materials [12,13].…”

Application of experimental design methodology to optimize acetaminophen removal from aqueous environment by magnetic chitosan@multi-walled carbon nanotube composite: Isotherm, kinetic, and regeneration studies

“…ACT is a type of analgesic and antipyretic drug commonly used as a fever reducer and pain reliever. Because of high consumption worldwide, it is one of the most frequently detected drugs in bodies of water and wastewater [3][4][5]. Overdoses of ACT produce the accumulation of toxic metabolites, which may cause severe and sometimes fatal hepatoxicity, and nephrotoxicity; generally, due to their bioaccumulation, they pose a potential long-term risk for aquatic and terrestrial organisms.…”