A review on hydrogen production thermochemical water-splitting cycles

Mehrpooya, Mehdi; Habibi, Roghayeh

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123836

Cited by 149 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…The implementation of thermochemical water splitting (TWS) technologies sconsists on several thermochemical cycles (whose input is liquid water and whose output is gaseous hydrogen and oxygen) [83]. Each one of these thermal cycles are based on the occurrence of different multistep reactions encompassing two or more reactions, with the overall reaction being water splitting as represented in Equation ( 4).…”

Section: Thermochemical Water Splitting (Tws)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assessment of this technology is based on the analysis of the outputs water streams in a plant, heat source availability (for instance thermal energy through high concentration of solar radiation or waste heat from nuclear reactors) and cost-related requirements [83]. Thermochemical cycles that are commonly used for the occurrence of thermochemical water splitting include metal oxide cycles, sulfur-iodine (S-I) cycles and ironchloride (Fe-Cl) cycle.…”

Section: Thermochemical Water Splitting (Tws)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Thermochemical Technologies for Water and Energy Integration Systems: Energy Storage and Recovery

2022

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Thermochemical technologies (TCT) enable the promotion of the sustainability and the operation of energy systems, as well as in industrial sites. The thermochemical operations can be applied for energy storage and energy recovery (alternative fuel production from water/wastewater, in particular green hydrogen). TCTs are proven to have a higher energy density and long-term storage compared to standard thermal storage technologies (sensible and latent). Nonetheless, these require further research on their development for the increasing of the technology readiness level (TRL). Since TCTs operate with the same input/outputs streams as other thermal storages (for instance, wastewater and waste heat streams), these may be conceptually analyzed in terms of the integration in Water and Energy Integration System (WEIS). This work is set to review the techno-economic and environmental aspects related to thermochemical energy storage (sorption and reaction-based) and wastewater-to-energy (particular focus on thermochemical water splitting technology), aiming also to assess their potential into WEIS. The exploited technologies are, in general, proved to be suitable to be installed within the conceptualization of WEIS. In the case of TCES technologies, these are proven to be significantly more potential analogues to standard TES technologies on the scope of the conceptualization of WEIS. In the case of energy recovery technologies, although a conceptualization of a pathway to produce usable heat with an input of wastewater, further study has to be performed to fully understand the use of additional fuel in combustion-based processes.

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Section: Thermochemical Water Splitting (Tws)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermochemical Water Splitting (Tws)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Thermochemical Technologies for Water and Energy Integration Systems: Energy Storage and Recovery

2022

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“…Complete decomposition in a single step can be obtained only at high temperatures (above 2000 • C), while thermochemical cycles, with multiple steps, and lower operating temperatures can supply the required heat [76]. The pure thermochemical cycles are driven either by only thermal energy (Figure 4a), while hybrid ones (Figure 4b) are driven by thermal and some other form of energy (e.g.…”

Section: Thermochemical Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Main Hydrogen Production Processes: An Overview

et al. 2021

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Due to its characteristics, hydrogen is considered the energy carrier of the future. Its use as a fuel generates reduced pollution, as if burned it almost exclusively produces water vapor. Hydrogen can be produced from numerous sources, both of fossil and renewable origin, and with as many production processes, which can use renewable or non-renewable energy sources. To achieve carbon neutrality, the sources must necessarily be renewable, and the production processes themselves must use renewable energy sources. In this review article the main characteristics of the most used hydrogen production methods are summarized, mainly focusing on renewable feedstocks, furthermore a series of relevant articles published in the last year, are reviewed. The production methods are grouped according to the type of energy they use; and at the end of each section the strengths and limitations of the processes are highlighted. The conclusions compare the main characteristics of the production processes studied and contextualize their possible use.

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“…In order for these synthetic routes to be truly carbon neutral, the hydrogen sources also need to be derived from non-fossil sources. These sources include thermochemical water decomposition (Mehrpooya and Habibi, 2020), water electrolysis and biomass gasification (Badwal et al, 2014) as shown in Figure 7. As mentioned earlier, any energy required in the production of hydrogen and the synthesis of the DME must also be derived from non-fossil, renewable energy sources.…”

Section: Hydrogen Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Fuels Based on Dimethyl Ether as a Future Non-Fossil Fuel for Road Transport From Sustainable Feedstocks

2021

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In this review we consider the important future of the synthetic fuel, dimethyl ether (DME). We compare DME to two alternatives [oxymethylene ether (OMEx) and synthetic diesel through Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactions]. Finally, we explore a range of methodologies and processes for the synthesis of DME.DME is an alternative diesel fuel for use in compression ignition (CI) engines and may be produced from a range of waste feedstocks, thereby avoiding new fossil carbon from entering the supply chain. DME is characterised by low CO2, low NOx and low particulate matter (PM) emissions. Its high cetane number means it can be used in CI engines with minimal modifications. The key to creating a circular fuels economy is integrating multiple waste streams into an economically and environmentally sustainable supply chain. Therefore, we also consider the availability and nature of low-carbon fuels and hydrogen production. Reliable carbon dioxide sources are also essential if CO2 utilisation processes are to become commercially viable. The location of DME plants will depend on the local ecosystems and ideally should be co-located on or near waste emitters and low-carbon energy sources. Alternative liquid fuels are considered interesting in the medium term, while renewable electricity and hydrogen are considered as reliable long-term solutions for the future transport sector. DME may be considered as a circular hydrogen carrier which will also be able to store energy for use at times of low renewable power generation.The chemistry of the individual steps within the supply chain is generally well known and usually relies on the use of cheap and Earth-abundant metal catalysts. The thermodynamics of these processes are also well-characterised. So overcoming the challenge now relies on the expertise of chemical engineers to put the fundamentals into commercial practice. It is important that a whole systems approach is adopted as interventions can have detrimental unintended consequences unless close monitoring is applied. This review shows that while DME production has been achieved and shows great promise, there is considerable effort needed if we are to reach true net zero emissions in the transport sector, particularly long-haul road use, in the require timescales.

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A review on hydrogen production thermochemical water-splitting cycles

Cited by 149 publications

References 129 publications

Review of Thermochemical Technologies for Water and Energy Integration Systems: Energy Storage and Recovery

Review of Thermochemical Technologies for Water and Energy Integration Systems: Energy Storage and Recovery

Main Hydrogen Production Processes: An Overview

Synthetic Fuels Based on Dimethyl Ether as a Future Non-Fossil Fuel for Road Transport From Sustainable Feedstocks

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