A Review on Position/Speed Sensorless Control for Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine-Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Abstract

Owing to the advantages of higher efficiency, greater reliability and better grid compatibility, the direct-drive permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based variable-speed wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) have drawn the highest attention from both academia and industry in the last few years. Applying mechanical position/speed sensorless control to direct-drive PMSG-based WECSs will further reduce the cost and complexity, while enhancing the reliability and robustness of the WECSs. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art and highly applicable mechanical position/speed sensorless control schemes for PMSG-based variable-speed WECSs. These include wind speed sensorless control schemes, generator rotor position and speed sensorless vector control schemes, and direct torque and direct power control schemes for a variety of direct-drive PMSG-based WECSs.Index Terms-Direct drive, permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), sensorless control, variable speed, wind energy conversion system (WECS).

Mission Profile-Based Reliability Design and Real-Time Life Consumption Estimation in Power Electronics

“…16. The rotor load current is proportionally related to the power extracted from wind speed [85,86]. The wind speed profile is used to derive the load current [87,88] which is expected to be applied directly through the power converter.…”

A Discrete-Time Direct Torque Control for Direct-Drive PMSG-Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems

“…Among various renewable energy sources, wind energy has become one of the most cost-effective sources for electricity generation. The variable-speed wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) which can be operated in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode have attracted considerable interests owing to their high energy production efficiency and low torque spikes [1]. Among different types of generators, the permanent-magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) have been found superior owing to their advantages such as high power density, high efficiency, and high reliability.…”

“…The DTC has been applied successfully in high-performance industrial servo drive systems [4]. For WECS applications, the DTC may facilitate the realization of MPPT with the optimal torque control [1], since the optimal torque command can be applied directly in the DTC without the need of wind speed measurements. In this way, the outer-loop speed or power controller, which is necessary in the decoupled current control, can be eliminated [5].…”

Intelligent maximum power extraction control for wind energy conversion systems based on online Q-learning with function approximation

“…These methods mainly include the optimal torque (OT) control, power signal feedback (PSF) control, hill-climb search (HCS) method, wind speed estimation-based control, and fuzzy logic control [2]. The OT and PSF controls are the most commonly used wind speed sensorless MPPT methods.…”