A Review on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Symptoms, Therapies and Recent Case Studies

Abstract

: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), previously known as battle fatigue syndrome or shell shock, is a severe mental disturbance condition that is normally triggered by the experience of some frightening/scary events or trauma where a person undergoes some serious physical or mental harm or threatened. PTSD is a long-life effect of the continuous occurrence of traumatic conditions which, leading the production of feelings of helplessness, intense fear, and horror in the person. There are various examples of events that can cause PTSD, such as physical, mental, or sexual assault at home or working place by others, unexpected death of a loved one, an accidental event, war, or some kind of natural disaster. Treatment of PTSD includes the removal or reduction of these emotional feelings or symptoms with the aim to improve the daily life functioning of a person. Problems which are needed to be considered in case of PTSD like ongoing trauma, abusive or bad relationships. Various drugs which are used for the treatment of PTSD include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (citalopram, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, etc.); tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline and isocarboxazid); mood stabilizers (Divalproex and lamotrigine); atypical antipsychotics (aripiprazole and quetiapine), etc. In this review, we have covered the different risk factors, case studies related to various treatment options with different age group peoples in PTSD and their effects on them. We have also covered the symptoms and associated disorders which can play a key role in the development of PTSD.

Avances y desarrollos de las neurociencias para ayudar a víctimas de la guerra: Un estudio de revisión

“…Intentando ir mucho más allá de la descripción de los síntomas psicológicos, la evidencia y los metaanálisis señalan que, las personas con traumas severos derivados de la guerra o de contextos en donde persevera la violencia a menudo tienden a experimentan problemas de carácter interpersonal, lo que suele estar aunado a problemas típicamente psicosociales y de decaimiento en la calidad de vida y en la salud. Es justamente en los indicadores de calidad de vida en donde se encuentran mayores alteraciones, pues la guerra produce afectaciones en las personas, generando cuadros clínicos tan graves, que las incapacidades médicas se disparan al alza en las poblaciones afectadas o permeadas por la guerra (Sileo, Kershaw, Gilliam, Taylor, Kommajosula & Callands, 2021;Thakur, Choudhary, Kumar & Chaudhary, 2022).…”

Gebelik Kaybı Sonrası Akut Stres Bozukluğunun Değerlendirilmesi

“…Examining data from two population-based cross-sectional studies, Szepietowska et al found that pregnancy loss and risk for psychiatric disorders increased in their study (12). In addition, earlier pregnancy loss has been shown to negatively affect mood and psychological well-being, particularly in young women (13). In addition, they reported that depressive symptoms and depressive disorders were more common in women with a history of pregnancy loss (14).…”

Effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for Chinese adults with PTSD symptoms: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

“…Some examples of traumatic events are sexual assault, domestic violence, childhood abuse, serious injury, illness, transportation accidents, natural disasters, or any stressful events that threaten personal lives or those of their close ones [ 2 ]. The major symptoms of PTSD include flashbacks of traumatic events, sleep disturbance, nightmares, rumination, negative thoughts, avoidance, and dysregulated hyperarousal [ 3 ]. While exposure to trauma is common, only a minority will develop and meet the full diagnostic criteria of PTSD [ 4 ].…”