A review on potential development of flame retardant kenaf fibers reinforced polymer composites

Saba, N.; Jawaid, Mohammad; Alothman, Othman Y.; Inuwa, Ibrahim Mohammed; Hassan, Azman

doi:10.1002/pat.3921

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since the last few decades, a dramatically developing number of works has been committed to natural fiber reinforced polymer composites as reported in a few research articles. [ 6‐10 ] Moreover, the worldwide market for natural fiber based polymer composites forecasted to register a growth rate of approximately 11% annually during the period 2020–2025 with dominating consumption from automotive, aerospace, electrical and electronics, building and construction, and sports industries. [ 11 ] For example, several components, dashboards, door panels, seatbacks, and headliners, are currently being fabricated utilizing natural fibers with approximately 20% lower cost than traditional composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abrasive wear and dynamic–mechanical behavior of marble dust filled bagasse fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study investigated the influence of waste materials on physico‐mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and abrasive wear behavior of polymer composites. The composites were manufactured by varying the waste bagasse fiber (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%) in fixed marble dust (15 wt%) filled epoxy resin. The void content of the composite found to decrease, whereas density, impact energy, and flexural strength were found to increase with the increase of waste bagasse fiber loading. The hardness and tensile strength were first increased, and after attaining highest values for 7.5 wt% fiber content, both decreased with another fiber loading. Damping properties such as storage modulus, loss modulus, and damping factor were evaluated utilizing dynamic mechanical analyzer. Results showed that the composites with 10 wt% waste bagasse fiber loading exhibited highest viscoelastic properties. Moreover, the dry sand abrasive wear behavior of fabricated composites was designed to study the impact of fiber loading, sliding distance, and load using the Taguchi method. The analysis reveals that the sliding distance contributes the most toward abrasive wear of the composites, with a contribution of 58.70%. 7.5 wt% waste bagasse fiber, 400 m sliding distance, and 5 N load resulted in a most wear‐resistant combination. Finally, the abraded composite surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy to study the possible wear mechanisms.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abrasive wear and dynamic–mechanical behavior of marble dust filled bagasse fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on their chemical composition, FRs can be classified into those containing phosphorus, halogen, silicon, nitrogen, and synergistic FRs. 1 Although halogenated FRs are effective and cheap, they have been gradually forbidden due to environmental concerns. Halogen-free compounds, especially the inorganic substances, often require high loadings to achieve UL94 V-0 ratings, which increases the difficulty in processability of the polymer matrix, and impair polymer mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been proven that the additive FRs are less effective compared with the reactive ones, as the latter are difficult to leach, better dispersed in the matrix and have better interface interaction. Based on their chemical composition, FRs can be classified into those containing phosphorus, halogen, silicon, nitrogen, and synergistic FRs 1 . Although halogenated FRs are effective and cheap, they have been gradually forbidden due to environmental concerns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A facile approach to prepare cage‐ladder‐structure phosphorus‐containing amino‐functionalized POSS for enhancing flame retardancy of epoxy resins

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cage-ladder-structure phosphorus-containing amino-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquinoxanes (CLNH 2-POSS) have been synthesized through a facile catalyst-free hydrolytic condensation of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-vinyltrimethoxysilane (DOPO-VTMS) with 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (KH540). The successful preparation of CLNH 2-POSS has been proven by the characterization of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-NMR, 29 Si-NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Then flame retardant (FR) epoxy resins (EPs) were prepared by the addition of different content of CLNH 2-POSS into EPs with thermal curing technology. The CLNH 2-POSS showed good solubility in EP matrix. The well-dispersed CLNH 2-POSS contributed to thermal, mechanical, and FR properties of EP. Dynamic scanning calorimetry nonisothermal curing scans showed that CLNH 2-POSS had accelerating effect on the curing of EP. With the addition of only 3 wt% CLNH 2-POSS (0.30% phosphorus loading), the limiting oxygen index value of the EP composite increased from 25.5 of pure EP to 31.8, and vertical burning (UL-94) V-0 ratings was achieved. In addition, the EP composites showed improved thermal and mechanical properties. The investigations on char residue and pyrolysis volatiles of cured EP further revealed that CLNH 2-POSS exerted FR effects in condensed and gas phase simultaneously.

show abstract

“…43 The door trims and bumper from kenaf base materials are displayed in Figure 9. 10,44 –47 Kenaf fibers exhibit many salient features such as high biomass content, low feedstock, and negligible pesticide requirement along with low and crop rotation. The prime benefits of crop rotation with kenaf fiber are the contribution toward the weeds control, resistance to drought and adds diversity to the dry land, and the control of soybean nematode.…”

Section: Kenaf Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kenaf fibers reinforced unsaturated polyester composites: A review

Arjmandi

Yıldırım

Hatton

et al. 2021

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently development of high-performance polymer composites made from natural resources in the various sectors is increasing tremendously due to the environmental issues and health hazard possessed by the synthetic fibers during disposal and manufacturing. Among the many different types of natural resources, kenaf fibers have been extensively investigated as an alternative reinforcement for polymer composites over the past few years due to their low cost, good mechanical properties, high specific strength, nonabrasive, eco-friendly, and biodegradability characteristics. Kenaf is regarded as an industrial crop in Malaysia and grown commercially in other parts of the world for different applications. It is certainly one of the important plants cultivated for natural fibers globally which has great potential to use as automotive and construction materials. In many research studies, kenaf fibers have been used as reinforcement in unsaturated polyester (UPE) which perfectly improved the features of the polyester resin. The tensile properties of kenaf fiber reinforced UPE are mainly influenced by the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and the polyester resin. Several chemical modifications are employed to improve the interfacial bonding between kenaf fibers and polyester, resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the composites. Therefore, this paper explores and highlights of the previous studies around kenaf fiber reinforced UPE composites, in terms of processing methods, mechanical, water absorption, and morphological properties to provide a perfect source of literature for doing further research in this topic.

show abstract

A review on potential development of flame retardant kenaf fibers reinforced polymer composites

Cited by 31 publications

References 55 publications

Abrasive wear and dynamic–mechanical behavior of marble dust filled bagasse fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites

Abrasive wear and dynamic–mechanical behavior of marble dust filled bagasse fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites

A facile approach to prepare cage‐ladder‐structure phosphorus‐containing amino‐functionalized POSS for enhancing flame retardancy of epoxy resins

Kenaf fibers reinforced unsaturated polyester composites: A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About