A review on powder-based additive manufacturing for tissue engineering: selective laser sintering and inkjet 3D printing

Abstract

Since most starting materials for tissue engineering are in powder form, using powder-based additive manufacturing methods is attractive and practical. The principal point of employing additive manufacturing (AM) systems is to fabricate parts with arbitrary geometrical complexity with relatively minimal tooling cost and time. Selective laser sintering (SLS) and inkjet 3D printing (3DP) are two powerful and versatile AM techniques which are applicable to powder-based material systems. Hence, the latest state of knowledge available on the use of AM powder-based techniques in tissue engineering and their effect on mechanical and biological properties of fabricated tissues and scaffolds must be updated. Determining the effective setup of parameters, developing improved biocompatible/bioactive materials, and improving the mechanical/biological properties of laser sintered and 3D printed tissues are the three main concerns which have been investigated in this article.

3D printing: Printing precision and application in food sector

“…It is necessary to expand the available range of food ingredient 290 thus to broaden the application of this technology in traditional food. In SLS, the material properties 291 and processing factors (laser types, laser power, laser spot diameter, etc), are both critical to the 292 printing precision and accuracy of fabricated parts (Shirazi et al, 2015). 293…”

“…In general a larger 382 nozzle diameter helps to increase printing speed but reduce the resolution and precision of fabricated 383 objects (Shirazi et al, 2015). In order to realize a successful printing, the processing factors 384 mentioned above should be properly adjusted.…”

Effects of poly (ε-caprolactone) coating on the properties of three-dimensional printed porous structures

“…In practice, plaster calcium sulphate (CaSO4) powder is one of the most commonly used materials in 3DP manufacturing. This technology has been used for rapid prototyping, domestic use, architectural design, artwork and medical applications, such as tissue-engineering scaffolds (Iliescu et al, 2009;D'aveni, 2013;Huson and Hoskins, 2014;Shirazi et al, 2015).…”

X-ray computed tomography and additive manufacturing in medicine: a review

“…AM production and implantation of basic personalised implants based on XCT data are now commonplace, and reflecting this, a wide array of studies involving implantation have been published over the past year as the technology has become better understood [106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119]. Clinical usage of metallic implants produced by AM in particular is now becoming common, specifically in maxillofacial and orthopaedic applications, though a number of issues remain preventing further adoption.…”

“…The authors do conclude, however, that despite eventual failure of the implant, the method warranted further study in the field of personalised oral regenerative medicine. Further information respectively regarding the use of AM for tissue engineering and AM for oral and maxillofacial surgery and the associated challenges faced in these fields is available in the recent reviews by Shirazi et al [112] and Farré-Guasch et al [113]. It is clear from these recent studies, as well as others discussed earlier in this review, that XCT and AM represent an excellent opportunity for various aspects of medicine to evolve and improve to meet the higher standards offered by XCT and AM.…”