A Review on Staphylococcus sp. and its pathogens

Abstract

The genus Staphylococcus is an important microorganism because of its direct and dangerous impact on the lives of other organisms, and Alexander Ogaston was the first to release this designation in 1880 to denote spherical bacteria usually associated with pus in wound infections. The members of this species are found in various environments such as dust, water, air, feces, on the skin, and the mucous membranes of warm-blooded vertebrates, on clothing, and other places. Most species of this species live as natural flora on human skin and mucous membranes, but some are opportunistic pathologies. The species of staphylococcus is characterized by having several virulence factors that increase the efficacy and pathogenicity of its species on the occurrence of infection due to its possession of tequic acid and the adhesion factor and other factors that enable it to get rid of the host defenses as an enzyme (Staphylokinase) or enable it to invade and spread as an enzyme (Hyaluronidase). Its possession of cellular wall proteins, its formation of the capsule and the exogenous polysaccharides and its production of various types of extracellular enzymes and various toxins such as intestinal toxins fixed in the heat, secretion of immune system inhibitors and their containment of antibiotic resistance genes. It shows the total resistance to the degradation of lysozyme. Staphylococcus aureus is resistant to many antimicrobial agents and thus produces treatment problems. The sex of staphylococcus includes 36 species and 80 subtypes, where more is clarified From 20 types of staphylococcus aureus.