A review on the classification of organic/inorganic/carbonaceous hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cell application

Pitchaiya, Selvakumar; Muthukumarasamy, N.; Agilan, S.; Asokan, Vijayshankar; Yuvapragasam, Akila; Ramakrishnan, V.; Palanisamy, Subramaniam E.; Sundaram, Senthilarasu; Velauthapillai, Dhayalan

doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.06.006

Cited by 183 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…However, due to the drawbacks related to the use of liquid electrolytes related to leakage and evaporation, a new approach has replaced this liquid phase by a solid hole transporting layer (HTL) material (see Scheme 26B). 180 Spiro‐OMeTAD (see structure in Figure ) has been the most commonly used HTL material, although other semiconducting polymers have been employed as well 181. In 2009, Miyasaka et al first reported the incorporation of hybrid perovskites as sensitizers in DSSCs, but the use of liquid electrolytes restricted the efficiencies of these devices below 5% 182.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Single‐Crystal‐Based Inorganic Semiconductor Photocatalysts for Energy Production and Environmental Remediation: Preparation, Modification, and Applications

Niu

Albero

Atienzar

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Semiconductor photocatalytic and photovoltaic performance depends on crystallinity and surface area to a large extent. One strategy that has recently emergyed to improve semiconductor photoresponse efficiency is their synthesis as porous single crystals (PSCs), therefore providing simultaneously high crystallinity, minimization of grain boundaries, and large specific surface area. Other factors, such as high density of active sites, and enhanced light absorption, also contribute to increased PSC photoresponse with respect to analogous bulk or amorphous materials. This review initially presents the concept and main properties of PSCs. Then, the synthetic routes and the applications as photocatalysts and as photovoltaic devices, mainly in sunlight applications, are summarized. The synthetic procedures have been classified according to the mechanism of pore generation. Applications cover photocatalysis for environmental remediation, solar fuels production, selective photooxidation of organic compounds, and photovoltaic devices. Finally, a summary and views on future developments are provided. The purpose of this review is to show how the use of PSCs is a powerful general methodology applicable beyond metal oxides and can ultimately lead to sufficient photoresponse efficiency, bringing these processes close to commercial application.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Single‐Crystal‐Based Inorganic Semiconductor Photocatalysts for Energy Production and Environmental Remediation: Preparation, Modification, and Applications

Niu

Albero

Atienzar

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Finally, considering the work functions of contacts for proper band alignment and carrier transport, the optimal for the back contact workfunction would be at 5.04 eV. Accordingly, we may use carbon‐based electrodes (5.0 eV) or Au‐based electrodes (≈5.4 eV) . In addition, the front contact for the device could be aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) as its work function ranges from 3.1 to 4.5 eV which covers our optimal value of 4.07 eV …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxychalcogenide Perovskite Solar Cells: A Multiscale Design Approach

et al. 2019

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Herein, a multiscale approach is used to design solar cells with oxychalcogenide perovskite absorbers by combining atomistic calculations and macroscale device simulations and optimization. The method involves the computation of charge carrier recombination time as well as the carriers' scattering time where lattice dynamics and multiple carrier scattering mechanisms are taken into account. Based on microscopically calculated parameters for the oxychalcogenide perovskites, a multiproperty optimization is performed to maximize the power conversion efficiency of the full device. This approach allows identifying optimal designs of some potential oxychalcogenide perovskite solar cells comprehensively. Herein, the methodology opens opportunities to accelerate lab realization and fabrication of solar cells with oxychalcogenide perovskite absorbers. Furthermore, the presented approach combines several general methods, and it should be highly beneficial in saving time and cost of device fabrication and optimization.

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“…7(c) shows the comparative J-V curves of the carbon/nickel sulphide composite based HTM devices (device-1 d ) and commercial carbon based device(device-1 e ) along with the prepared EC-GC hole transport based devices. From the J-V curves, it could be inferred that the CC based HTM device shows an enhanced V OC (0.749 V) and FF (63.77%) compared to that of all the other devices and this may be mainly due to the presence of small graphite flakes and carbon black which has better conductivity 24,78,79 and tends to provide much more favorable interfacial contact sites between the perovskite and the back electrode which improves the charge transport behavior 17 . In general, the used commercial carbon paste contains TiO 2 nanoparticles as a binder along with graphite and carbon black 80 .…”

Section: Structural and Morphological Analysis Of The Prepared Ec-gc1mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As to overcome such practical issues, replacing the unstable HTMs and the expensive back contacts with a low-cost alternative material would result in bringing down the overall cost of the PSC devices and also improve their performance 17,18 . Hence, recent researchers found that this instability issue within the PSC devices could be tackled readily by the use of inorganic HTMs, yet the cell performance with an inorganic HTM layer is typically substandard to the one with an organic HTM 17 . This paved the way to introduce a promising low-cost and earth-abundant carbon as an effective replacer for the unstable HTMs and expensive electrodes, as it can play the dual role as hole transporter and as an electrode [19][20][21][22] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Perovskite Solar Cells: A Porous Graphitic Carbon based Hole Transporter/Counter Electrode Material Extracted from an Invasive Plant Species Eichhornia Crassipes

Pitchaiya

Eswaramoorthy

Muthukumarasamy³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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perovskite solar cells (pScs) composed of organic polymer-based hole-transporting materials (HtMs) are considered to be an important strategy in improving the device performance, to compete with conventional solar cells. Yet the use of such expensive and unstable HTMs, together with hygroscopic perovskite structure remains a concern -an arguable aspect for the prospect of onsite photovoltaic (PV) application. Herein, we have demonstrated the sustainable fabrication of efficient and air-stable PSCs composed of an invasive plant (Eichhornia crassipes) extracted porous graphitic carbon (ec-Gc) which plays a dual role as HTM/counter electrode. The changes in annealing temperature (~450 °C, ~850 °C and ~1000 °C) while extracting the EC-GC, made a significant impact on the degree of graphitization -a remarkable criterion in determining the device performance. Hence, the fabricated champion device-1 c : Glass/fto/c-tio 2 /mp-tio 2 /cH 3 nH 3 pbi 3−x cl x /EC-GC10@CH 3 nH 3 pbi 3−x cl x /EC-GC10) exhibited a PCE of 8.52%. Surprisingly, the introduced EC-GC10 encapsulated perovskite interfacial layer at the perovskite/HtM interface helps in overcoming the moisture degradation of the hygroscopic perovskite layer in which the same champion device-1 c evinced better air stability retaining its efficiency ~94.40% for 1000 hours. We believe that this present work on invasive plant extracted carbon playing a dual role, together as an interfacial layer may pave the way towards a reliable perovskite photovoltaic device at low-cost.Lower cost, shorter payback time and an unprecedented rise in power conversion efficiency (PCE) escalating from 3.8% in 2009 to 24.2% (2019) have turned the attention of researchers and industrial community towards perovskite solar cells (PSCs) within a decade 1-5 . Outstanding photovoltaic properties such as high charge carrier mobility, long electron-hole diffusion length, high absorption coefficient with tuneable bandgap property, low-exciton binding energy, and easy solution preparation techniques make it to compete with traditional commercial silicon solar cells 6,7 . In general, a typical PSC is composed of an electron transport layer (ETL), an active absorbing layer, a HTL, and a counter electrode. Nevertheless, the use of expensive and unstable conducting polymers based hole transporting materials (HTMs) such as (2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9

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A review on the classification of organic/inorganic/carbonaceous hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cell application

Cited by 183 publications

References 163 publications

Porous Single‐Crystal‐Based Inorganic Semiconductor Photocatalysts for Energy Production and Environmental Remediation: Preparation, Modification, and Applications

Porous Single‐Crystal‐Based Inorganic Semiconductor Photocatalysts for Energy Production and Environmental Remediation: Preparation, Modification, and Applications

Oxychalcogenide Perovskite Solar Cells: A Multiscale Design Approach

Perovskite Solar Cells: A Porous Graphitic Carbon based Hole Transporter/Counter Electrode Material Extracted from an Invasive Plant Species Eichhornia Crassipes

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