A review on the potential of polylactic acid based thermoplastic elastomer as filament material for fused deposition modelling

Musa, Luqman; Kumar, Nitiyah Krishna; Rahim, Shayfull Zamree Abd; Rasidi, Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad; Rennie, Allan; Rahman, Rozyanty; Kanani, Armin Yousefi; Azmi, Ahmad Azrem

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.08.057

Cited by 45 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Poly(lactic acid), or PLA, is one of the most popular polymers used for fused filament fabrication (FFF) due to its desirable mechanical characteristics as well as its biodegradability and ability to be synthesized from renewable resources [ 1 ]. Currently, most PLA is created by the polymerization of lactic acid monomers derived from starch feedstocks such as corn or sugar rather than petroleum-based feedstocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, most PLA is created by the polymerization of lactic acid monomers derived from starch feedstocks such as corn or sugar rather than petroleum-based feedstocks. With production systems reportedly requiring 25–55% less energy than petroleum-based polymers, PLA is currently one of the most promising “green” plastics on the market [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Filaments: Creating and Degrading pH-Indicating PLA Filaments for 3D Printing

et al. 2023

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With the rapid pace of advancements in additive manufacturing and techniques such as fused filament fabrication (FFF), the feedstocks used in these techniques should advance as well. While available filaments can be used to print highly customizable parts, the creation of the end part is often the only function of a given feedstock. In this study, novel FFF filaments with inherent environmental sensing functionalities were created by melt-blending poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and pH indicator powders (bromothymol blue, phenolphthalein, and thymol blue). The new PLA-PEG-indicator filaments were universally more crystalline than the PLA-only filaments (33–41% vs. 19% crystallinity), but changes in thermal stability and mechanical characteristics depended upon the indicator used; filaments containing bromothymol blue and thymol blue were more thermally stable, had higher tensile strength, and were less ductile than PLA-only filaments, while filaments containing phenolphthalein were less thermally stable, had lower tensile strength, and were more ductile. When the indicator-filled filaments were exposed to acidic, neutral, and basic solutions, all filaments functioned as effective pH sensors, though the bromothymol blue-containing filament was only successful as a base indicator. The biodegradability of the new filaments was evaluated by characterizing filament samples after aging in soil and soil slurry mixtures; the amount of physical deterioration and changes in filament crystallinity suggested that the bromothymol blue filament degraded faster than PLA-only filaments, while the phenolphthalein and thymol blue filaments saw decreases in degradation rates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Filaments: Creating and Degrading pH-Indicating PLA Filaments for 3D Printing

et al. 2023

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“…Since it does not require any support structure compared to other powder bed processes, it is seen as an important advantage to fill the entire construction volume and make more production at one time (Khrapov et al, 2023). For thermoplastic materials, it is possible to produce quite good and long-lasting parts in terms of mechanical properties (Bijwe et al, 2000;Musa et al, 2022).…”

Section: Powder Bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Short and Technical Review on Lattice Structures Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Özdemir

Korkmaz

2023

Prabha Materials Science Letters

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Additive manufacturing (AM), which has only relatively recently emerged as one of the most significant sectors, is currently the subject of a great number of research investigations. In contrast to machining, additive manufacturing (AM) is a process that involves the division of items into very thin layers, followed by the production of these layers by stacking previous layers atop one another. AM has found new application areas because to the decrease in weight as well as other advantages in a variety of industries including aviation, automotive, and biomedical. In this manner, features that cannot be acquired from solid materials have been disclosed through the utilization of various forms of lattice structures in accordance with the needs of the application. The design factors that impact the compression behavior of body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) type lattice structures, which are the most popular types of lattice structures used in additive manufacturing, were explored in this review work.

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“…To create numerical weights, all pairwise comparison matrices will be collected, assessed, and then normalized. However, given the existence of uncertain situations in the decision-making process, this work suggests the integrative AHP and fuzzy logic (i.e., FAHP), which can be further researched [41].…”

Section: Analytical Hierarchy Process (Ahp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decision-Making Carbon Reinforced Material Selection Model for Composite Polymers in Pipeline Applications

Mustafa

Raja²,

Alasadi

et al. 2023

Advances in Polymer Technology

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Pipes are manufactured primarily through the extrusion process. One of the material extrusion processes in recent digital manufacturing is additive manufacturing’s fusion deposition modeling. Pipes are made from various materials such as metal and plastic/polymers, and the main challenge has been in selecting the pipe material for the customized application. For the creation of water-passing tubes, this research has chosen appropriate carbon-reinforced polymers that can be used with filament made of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). For this goal, the analytical hierarchy process, also known as the AHP, is used to choose the best material based on factors such as cost, temperature resistance, printing speed, and mechanical properties of the material. The results revealed that PEEK-CF is a better material for the customized impeller application than PETG-CF. The PEEK-CF obtains the higher priority value of 0.6363, and the PETG-CF obtains 0.2791. This decision-making technique can be used to select other comparable customized applications.

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A review on the potential of polylactic acid based thermoplastic elastomer as filament material for fused deposition modelling

Cited by 45 publications

References 148 publications

Functional Filaments: Creating and Degrading pH-Indicating PLA Filaments for 3D Printing

Functional Filaments: Creating and Degrading pH-Indicating PLA Filaments for 3D Printing

A Short and Technical Review on Lattice Structures Produced by Additive Manufacturing

A Decision-Making Carbon Reinforced Material Selection Model for Composite Polymers in Pipeline Applications

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