A Review on the Use of Bio/Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts in Biodiesel Production

Santos, Sérgio Leandro dos; Puna, Jaime; Gomes, João; Marchetti, Jorge Mario

doi:10.1002/9781119729969.ch3

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…A higher value of rate constant and lower value of activation energy specifies that the rate of transesterification reaction was fast using an immobilized catalyst. Very few studies have been dedicated to understanding the kinetics of the transesterification process via ultrasonic systems with catalysts.The activation energy reported was 33.6-84 kJ mol −1 [18,27,55]. In comparison, the activation energy for the reaction in the present study is lower than the rest as a result of higher mass transfer rates and higher yield of the biodiesel.…”

Section: Rate Equations Equilibrium Constantscontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…In Figure 7b, the positive value of Gibbs free energy (∆G) indicates that the reaction was unspontaneous and endergonic [57]. The immobilized magnetite catalyst-based Fuels 2022, 3 transesterification reaction of Gibbs free energy and enthalpy are comparatively better than those of the heterogeneous and homogenous catalytic transesterification reaction and only a few works have been reported in the literature [24,27,55].…”

Section: Rate Equations Equilibrium Constantsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The triglycerides of kapok oil are converted to methyl ester on the immobilized magnetite catalyst surface, and an excess amount of methanol is used to increase the miscibility of methanol and produce higher methyl esters. The methanol/oil molar ratio should be higher than that of the stoichiometric ratio to drive the reaction towards completion to produce the maximum methyl esters and prevent the backward reaction according to Le Chateleir's principle [27,53]. The chemical reactions of triglycerides were split into three steps: adsorption; surface reaction; and desorption.…”

Section: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Modeling Of The Transesterificatio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Embedding immobilized enzyme on the magnetic nanoparticles is a bio-nanocatalyst and a new application for the production of biodiesel from different feedstocks. Previous studies report the use of silica, iron, polymeric nanoparticles for lipase immobilization [27][28][29]. However, nanoscale magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) has an edge over the others when used as support for enzyme immobilization since it favors the separation of immobilized enzymes and enhanced stability with good binding efficiency, large surface area, low mass transfer resistance and less fouling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonication Assisted Catalytic Transesterification of Ceiba Pentandra (Kapok) Oil Derived Biodiesel Using Immobilized Iron Nanoparticles

Pasawan

Chen

Das

et al. 2022

Fuels

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The embedded immobilized enzymes (Rhizopus-oryzae) on the magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) is a new application for the sustainable production of high-quality biodiesel. In this study, biodiesel is derived from Kapok oil via ultrasonication (US)-assisted catalytic transesterification method. A novel attempt is made to prepare magnetic nanoparticles embedded by an immobilized enzyme to solve the problem of enzyme denaturation. This innovative method resulted in optimum biodiesel conversion of 89 ± 1.17% under reactant molar ratio (methanol: oil) of 6:1, catalyst loading 10 wt% with a reaction time of 4 h at 60 °C. The kinetic and thermal study reveals that conversion of Kapok oil to biodiesel follows a pseudo first-order reaction kinetic with a lower ΔE of 30.79 kJ mol−1. The ΔH was found to be 28.06 kJ mol−1 with a corresponding ΔS of −237.12 J mol−1 K−1 for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester formation. The ΔG was calculated to be from 102.28 to 109.40 kJ mol−1 for temperature from 313 K to 343 K. The positive value of ΔH and ΔG is an indication of endothermic and non-spontaneous reaction. A negative ΔS indicates the reactant in the transition state possesses a higher degree of ordered geometry than in its ground state. The immobilized catalysts provided great advantages towards product separation and efficient biodiesel production. Highlights: 1. Effective catalytic transesterification assisted by the ultrasonication method was used for bi-odiesel production. 2. Magnetite nanoparticles synthesized by the co-precipitation method were used as heteroge-neous catalysts. 3. An immobilized enzyme (Rhizopus-oryzae) was embedded in the heterogeneous catalyst, as it is reusable and cost-effective. 4. The maximum biodiesel yield obtained from Kapok oil was 93 ± 1.04% by catalytic trans-esterification reactions.

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Section: Rate Equations Equilibrium Constantscontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Rate Equations Equilibrium Constantsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Modeling Of The Transesterificatio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ultrasonication Assisted Catalytic Transesterification of Ceiba Pentandra (Kapok) Oil Derived Biodiesel Using Immobilized Iron Nanoparticles

Pasawan

Chen

Das

et al. 2022

Fuels

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“…The most used methods to produce nanomaterials are gas condensation, vacuum evaporation and deposition, precipitation, impregnation, chemical vapor deposition, nano-grinding, calcination-hydration-dehydration, and sol-gel techniques [1,[18][19][20]. Liquid anti-solvent processes are also used in the industry, based on the miscibility between two solvents.…”

Section: Preparation Of Nanomaterials Using Supercritical Co2mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review of the Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) Technique for the Preparation of Nanocatalysts to Be Used in Biodiesel Production

2022

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In an era where sustainability is becoming the main driving force for research and development, supercritical fluids-based techniques are presented as a very efficient alternative technology to conventional extraction, purification, and recrystallization processes. Supercritical antisolvent (SAS) precipitation is a novel technique that can replace liquid antisolvent precipitation techniques. Additionally, through the optimization of precipitation operating conditions, morphology, particle size, and particle size distribution of nanoparticles can be controlled. As an antisolvent, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is far more sustainable than its conventional liquid counterparts; not only does it have a critical point (304 K and 73.8 bar) on its phase diagram that allows for the precipitation processes to be developed so close to room temperature, but also its recovery and, consequently, the precipitated solute purification stage is considerably simpler. This technique can be used efficiently for preparing nanocatalysts to be used in biodiesel production processes.

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Viability of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as feedstock for biofuels production: a techno‐economic review from an African perspective

Kichonge

Kivevele

2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Given the benefits of biofuels over conventional fuels, there is concern that widespread production of biofuels from edible feedstocks to meet demand will lead to food insecurity and other socioeconomic challenges. Thus, the goal of this research is to look into the techno‐economic potential of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as primary feedstocks for biofuel production in Africa. The inability of biofuel to cope in the fuel market has been demonstrated to be due to the high production costs, which limit profitability because the end price is heavily influenced by that of conventional fuel. However, the high production costs are entirely due not only to components such as feedstock, conversion processes, and infrastructure but also to a lack of techno‐economic assessment (TEA). African biofuel production can be competitively industrialized through the adoption of strong supportive policies and programs. Adoption of these policies and programs is critical for capitalizing on the benefits of non‐edible feedstocks in biofuel production while also boosting rural development through job creation. Techno‐economic assessment of conversion processes and infrastructure is recommended to provide a clear picture of the techno‐economic aspects, serving as a blueprint for the design of biofuel production facilities. Further, TEA has been shown to be a useful tool in the development process of new technologies aimed at lowering overall production costs and making biofuel more affordable. The combination of TEA and enabling policies and programs will increase the price competitiveness of biofuels, allowing them to capture a sizable share of the fuel market.

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A Review on the Use of Bio/Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts in Biodiesel Production

Cited by 7 publications

References 229 publications

Ultrasonication Assisted Catalytic Transesterification of Ceiba Pentandra (Kapok) Oil Derived Biodiesel Using Immobilized Iron Nanoparticles

Ultrasonication Assisted Catalytic Transesterification of Ceiba Pentandra (Kapok) Oil Derived Biodiesel Using Immobilized Iron Nanoparticles

A Brief Review of the Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) Technique for the Preparation of Nanocatalysts to Be Used in Biodiesel Production

Viability of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as feedstock for biofuels production: a techno‐economic review from an African perspective

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