A review on wireless powering schemes for implantable microsystems in neural engineering applications

Lee, Jihun; Jang, Jungwoo; Song, Yoon‐Kyu

doi:10.1007/s13534-016-0242-2

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In this paper, two systems are considered and compared. The first one (Fig 1.A) is based on a near field transmission technique, which can be used for energy delivery [7] and for communications [10]. It consists on the wireless interaction between two coils connected to resonant circuits, the receiver (Rx) and the transmitter (Tx) units.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, the battery has an impact also in the weight of the implantable system, which becomes a major hurdle in minimizing the overall device's size. In addition, even though AIMD are tightly sealed with biocompatible encapsulation materials, there is a finite risk for leakage of electrolytes from the battery, which may cause toxic effects and inflammatory reaction in tissues [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, the magnetostrictive materials can deform their structure, in response to a change in their internal magnetization. This variation can be brought either by a change in temperature or by the application of a magnetic field [7]. Thanks to Villari effect, it is possible to have the inverse relationship, so obtaining a change of sample's magnetization when a mechanical stress is applied to the system [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potentiality of magnetoelectric composites for Wireless Power Transmission in medical implants

Rizzo

Loyau

Nocua³

et al. 2019

2019 13th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT)

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Electric power can be wirelessly transferred to power supply medical devices, in order to reduce the size of the implants and increase their lifetime. The inductive power transmission, through the interaction between two coils, is compared to a novel magnetoelectric (ME) technology. In this case, the external coil delivers the energy to a ME receiver, made with an electroactive (e.g piezoelectric) material, bonded between two magnetostrictive layers. This new technology can overpass the issues of directionality and heating, present in the inductive transmission technique, and open new prospective for battery-less medical implants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potentiality of magnetoelectric composites for Wireless Power Transmission in medical implants

Rizzo

Loyau

Nocua³

et al. 2019

2019 13th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT)

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“…Fundamentally, the low operating frequency of the ultrasound transducer and limited bandwidth drastically affect the achievable data rate and limit the information that can be transmitted. Moreover, it is difficult to increase the communication center frequency significantly beyond 1 MHz due to increasing attenuation [14,15]. To achieve reliable and sufficient communication, modern modulation can be utilized such as quadrature phase-shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Intra Body Multi Node Communication System for Bioelectronic Medicine

Jaafar

Luo

Firfilionis

et al. 2019

Sensors

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The coming years may see the advent of distributed implantable devices to support bioelectronic medicinal treatments. Communication between implantable components and between deep implants and the outside world can be challenging. Percutaneous wired connectivity is undesirable and both radiofrequency and optical methods are limited by tissue absorption and power safety limits. As such, there is a significant potential niche for ultrasound communications in this domain. In this paper, we present the design and testing of a reliable and efficient ultrasonic communication telemetry scheme using piezoelectric transducers that operate at 320 kHz frequency.A key challenge results from the multi-propagation path effect. Therefore, we present a method, using short pulse sequences with relaxation intervals. To counter an increasing bit, and thus packet, error rate with distance, we have incorporated an error correction encoding scheme. We then demonstrate how the communication scheme can scale to a network of implantable devices. We demonstrate that we can achieve an effective, error-free, data rate of 0.6 kbps, which is sufficient for low data rate bioelectronic medicine applications. Transmission can be achieved at an energy cost of 642 nJ per bit data packet using on/off power cycling in the electronics. achieve therapy. However, an important development is to progress from open-loop, pacemaker type, stimuli to closed-loop control methodologies which modify therapeutic stimuli according to need. Such systems will therefore also need sensors from perhaps downstream organs which can provide physiological information. Examples include blood oxygen and glucose levels, heart rate, chemical sensing, mechanical motion, and bioelectronic activity [7,8].Bioelectronic therapies would need to comprise an active implant (Active Implantable Medical Device or AIMD) which can gather information, perform processing and determine stimulus. As downstream organs are geographically separated by tens of centimeters, a possible architecture is for a central implant unit together with satellite units called bioelectronic nodes (BeNs) which provide sensing and perhaps stimulation. This configuration can be seen in Figure 1. Ideally, such bioelectronic nodes would be injected to their target locations rather than be surgically inserted. As such, the devices would need to be in the mm size range. Such devices would have small batteries and thus be limited in operation. i.e., duty cycles would be for a few milliseconds each hour or day. However, such operation is sufficient for bioelectronic therapies which only need to infrequently monitor physiological responses.

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“…A potential solution to this problem is to use MRI to wirelessly power and drive a device. Wireless power harvesting, although common in various electrical systems [31], [32], has been rarely used to extract power from MRI. Inside an MRI system, RF fields [33] and fast switching gradient may supply energy to drive low-power electronic devices [34].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI Powered and Triggered Current Stimulator for Concurrent Stimulation and MRI

Mandal

Babaria²,

Cao

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Bioelectric stimulation during concurrent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of interest to basic and translational studies. However, existing stimulation systems often interfere with MRI, are difficult to use or scale up, have limited efficacy, or cause safety concerns. To address these issues, we present a novel device capable of supplying current stimulation synchronized with MRI while being wirelessly powered by the MRI gradient fields. Results from testing it with phantoms and live animals in a 7 Tesla small-animal MRI system suggest that the device is able to harvest up to 72 (or 18) mW power during typical echo-planar imaging (or fast low angle shot imaging) and usable for stimulating peripheral muscle or nerve to modulate the brain or the gut, with minimal effects on MRI image quality. As a compact and standalone system, the plug-and-play device is suitable for animal research and merits further development for human applications. Introduction:Neurostimulation, e.g. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS), Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS), has been widely used to treat Parkinson's disease [1], dystonia [2], [3], epilepsy [4], [5], and intractable pain syndrome [6], [7], to name a few examples. It has also been increasingly recognized that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can guide neuromodulation and improve its efficacy, especially if neural stimulation and imaging are performed simultaneously [8]-[12]. However, concurrent stimulation and MRI is non-trivial. A conventional stimulation device may jeopardize patient safety and degrade imaging quality [13], while MRI may interfere with the device and corrupt its function [14]-[16], due to the strong and varying magnetic fields during MRI [17]. In addition, a device often requires long cables to connect to a power source or receive external triggers, where-as such cables may perturb the magnetic fields and degrade image acquisition [18], [19]. Widely used methods for simultaneous MRI and neuromodulation involve non-MR-safe stimulators, which are placed outside the MRI room and connected to the subject using long twisted cables [20]-[23]. The longer stimulation cables sometime pick up fast gradient magnetic fields and lead to unwanted electrical stimulation [24][25]. Few studies include conditionally MRsafe stimulators placed near the MRI bore with shorter cables and RF filtering [26]-[28][29].However, such setups are difficult to scale up, since more stimulation channels would require more cables and RF filtering circuits and amount to an increasingly bulky and complex system.The system also causes patient discomfort, prolongs preparation time, affects imaging quality, especially at a high field (7 Tesla or above) [30].

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A review on wireless powering schemes for implantable microsystems in neural engineering applications

Cited by 19 publications

References 74 publications

Potentiality of magnetoelectric composites for Wireless Power Transmission in medical implants

Potentiality of magnetoelectric composites for Wireless Power Transmission in medical implants

Ultrasound Intra Body Multi Node Communication System for Bioelectronic Medicine

MRI Powered and Triggered Current Stimulator for Concurrent Stimulation and MRI

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