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The demand for technologies related to smart construction is rising as the need for increased productivity in the field of construction becomes ever more important. The fourth industrial revolution has accelerated the growth of advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence, 5G, the internet of things, and more, and these technologies are key in relation to smart construction. During the construction phase of our study, a truck travelled along a temporary road within a construction site. Thus, optimizing the location of the temporary road enhances the truck’s moving path, resulting in increased productivity in the road construction process. Thus, in this work, the concept of automating a path for construction equipment (a truck) is proposed. The construction site was divided into cells, where five factors were suggested to create a cost model that could automatically be used to create one of the most efficient paths for construction equipment. With the proposed concept, one can automatically create one of the most efficient paths when deciding the location for a temporary road during construction.

Ensembles of autonomous, spatially distributed wireless stimulators can offer a versatile approach to patterned microstimulation of biological circuits such as the cortex. Here, we demonstrate the concept of a distributed, untethered, and addressable microstimulator, integrating an ultraminiaturized ASIC with a custom-designed GaAs photovoltaic (PV) microscale energy harvester, dubbed as an "optical neurograin (ONG)". An on-board Manchester-encoded near-infrared downlink delivers incident IR power and provides a synchronous clock across an ensemble of microdevices, triggering stimulus events by remote command. Each ONG has a unique device address and, when an incoming downlink bit sequence matches with this device identification (ID), the implant delivers a charge-balanced current stimulus to the target cortex. Present devices use 7-bit metal fuses fabricated during the CMOS process for their device ID, laser-scribed in post-processing, allowing in principle for a stimulator network of up to 128 nodes. We have characterized small ensembles of ONGs and shown a proof of concept of the system both on benchtop and in vivo rat rodent model.