A review: Systematic research approach on toxicity model of liver and kidney in laboratory animals

Abstract

Therapeutic experiments are commonly performed on laboratory animals to investigate the possible mechanism(s) of action of toxic agents as well as drugs or substances under consideration. The use of toxins in laboratory animal models, including rats, is intended to cause toxicity. This study aimed to investigate different models of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in laboratory animals to help researchers advance their research goals. The current narrative review used databases such as Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase and appropriate keywords until June 2021. Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity models derived from some toxic agents such as cisplatin, acetaminophen, doxorubicin, some anticancer drugs, and other materials through various signaling pathways are investigated. To understand the models of renal or hepatotoxicity in laboratory animals, we have provided a list of toxic agents and their toxicity procedures in this review.

Cinobufotalin prevents bone loss induced by ovariectomy in mice through the BMPs/SMAD and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathways

“…51,52 The recommended concentration of CB in vivo (below 4 mg/kg) and in vitro (0.025-10 mM or 20-2000 ng/mL) are considered as safe doses. [53][54][55] In our present study, two different concentrations (low dose, 0.25 mg/kg; high dose, 0.5 mg/kg) were established to validate in vivo osteogenesis and no toxic effects were identified (Figure 2A).…”

“… 51 , 52 The recommended concentration of CB in vivo (below 4 mg/kg) and in vitro (0.025–10 mM or 20–2000 ng/mL) are considered as safe doses. 53 , 54 , 55 In our present study, two different concentrations (low dose, 0.25 mg/kg; high dose, 0.5 mg/kg) were established to validate in vivo osteogenesis and no toxic effects were identified (Figure 2A ). Based on the in vitro cell culture and CCK‐8 assay, and it was determined that CB below 1.25 μM was a safe concentration for cell culture and induction (Figure 2B,C ).…”

AI Based Drug Screening Process: From Data Mining to Candidate Drug Validation

“…In vitro experiments are one of the commonly used verification methods, which provide a basis for preliminary evaluation of drug efficacy and safety by simulating the process of drug action in the body under laboratory conditions. Animal experiments further validate the performance of drugs in animal bodies, including evaluations of acute toxicity, long-term toxicity, and pharmacodynamics (Abbasnezhad et al, 2022). Clinical trials are a crucial step in verifying the efficacy and safety of drugs in practical applications, gradually validating the effectiveness and safety of drugs through multiple stages of trials.…”