A Revised Classification of the Phylinae (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae): Arguments for the Placement of Genera

Abstract

As a companion to the tribal-level phylogenetic analysis of Phylinae by Menard, Schuh,

Nineteen New Genera and 82 New Species of Cremnorrhinina from Australia, Including Analyses of Host Relationships and Distributions (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Cremnorrhinini)

“…A very limited number of Australian phylines, all of them currently undescribed, have enlarged pulvilli that are adnate to the entire ventral surface of the claw, but in those cases the claws are shorter than in the Cremnorrhinina. Although the analyses of and Schuh and Menard (2013) placed some taxa from the Holarctic with this type of claw structure in the Cremnorrhinina (e.g., Pronotocrepis Knight, Dacota Uhler), many other taxa with such enlarged pulvilli, including the few from Australia, do not appear closely related to the Cremnorrhinina, and in the latter case the structure of the male genitalia also supports their exclusion. Many such examples from the Northern Hemisphere belong to the Nasocorini (e.g., Atractotomus Fieber, Rhinacloa Reuter, among many others), with a few, such as Eminoculus Schuh (Hallodapini) from South Africa, belong to other tribal-level groupings.…”

“…Male genitalia typical for the Phylinae in structure of phallotheca, left and right parameres; endosoma, formed of two distinct straps, ranging from very slender and long to short and compact, J-shaped or sigmoid, sometimes with one or two lateral spines arising near secondary gonopore, apex with one, two, or three spines of various shapes and lengths and sometimes with a membranous baglike structure, frequently ornamented with microtrichia or denticles. Structure of female genitalia typical for phylines with subgenital plate of sternite 6 variable, usually concave medially, sometimes with posteriorly Schuh and Menard (2013) and rendered the tribal and subtribal names of this group as Cremnorrhini/Cremnorrhina, an obvious lapsus. We here employ the orthographically correct renderings as used by Reuter (1883), Wagner (1974), and others.…”

“…1), all members of which possess pulvilli as long as the entire claw and usually free from it except at the base, although occasionally adnate to the entire ventral claw surface; in this grouping the parempodia are always setiform. and Schuh and Menard (2013) applied the name Cremnorrhina [sic] Reuter, 1883, to this assemblage of taxa and treated the elongate pulvilli as diagnostic for it. Members of this grouping had previously been placed in a variety of higher taxa, including the Hallodapini and Phylini (Carvalho, 1952(Carvalho, , 1958, Cremnorrhinini and Phylini (Wagner, 1974), Pronotocrepini and Phylini (Knight, 1929;Wyniger, 2010Wyniger, , 2012, or Phylini (Schuh, 1995).…”

“…Reuter (1883) had erected the group Cremnorrhinaria to include only the genus Cremnorrhinus Reuter. As pointed out by Schuh and Menard (2013), Wagner (1969Wagner ( , 1974 was one of the few subsequent authors to recognize the Cremnorrhinini, but he did not include in it many genera with elongate pulvilli (e.g., Amblytylus Fieber, Lopus Hahn, and Excentricoris Carvalho) from the Western Palearctic. Contrary to the conclusions of Reuter (1883), Knight (1929), Carvalho (1952Carvalho ( , 1958, Schuh (1974), Wagner (1969Wagner ( , 1974, and others, the studies of and Schuh and Menard (2013) corroborate the theory that nearly all Phylinae with long pulvilli belong to a monophyletic group that is essentially worldwide in scope (but absent from Central and South America and tropical Asia) and that includes substantial-but previously unrecognized and undescribed-diversity in Australia.…”

Supplemental Material for 'Nineteen new genera and 82 new species of Cremnorrhinina from Australia, including analyses of host relationships and distributions (Insecta, Hemiptera, Miridae, Phylinae, Cremnorrhinini). (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 401)'

“…While it has been suggested by Schuh and Menard (2013) on the basis of pretarsal structure, and documented in the combined morphological/molecular analysis of , that the Cremnorrhinina are a monophyletic group, no further commentary exists in the literature on the subject. Thus, in order to better address the issue of monophyly of the Australian fauna, we will make some observations on other aspects of morphology in the group, particularly the male genitalia.…”