A Revised Correlation of Carboniferous Rocks in the British Isles

Waters, Colin N.; Somerville, Ian D.; Jones, N. S.; Cleal, Christopher J.; Collinson, J. D.; Waters, R. A.; Besly, B. M.; Dean, Mark; Stephenson, Mike; Davies, Jeremy; Freshney, E. C.; Jackson, D. I.; Mitchell, W. I.; Powell, J. H.; Barclay, William; Browne, M. A. E.; Leveridge, B. E.; Long, Sarah L.; McLean, Donald

doi:10.1144/sr26

Cited by 53 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Other three-dimensionally preserved actinopterygians hosted in nodules from this area include Trawdenia planti and Mesonichthys aitkeni ; these are all thought to derive from the so-called “Soapstone Bed.” This horizon lies within the Pennine Lower Coal Measures above the Bullion Coal (= Upper Foot Coal) and the Mountain 1.2 m Coal (= Lower Mountain Coal), but below the Ardley Seam (=Arley Coal) 26,62,63 . This is within the Langsettian regional substage, which correlates with the upper part of the Bashkirian stage of the international timescale 64 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Exceptional fossil preservation and evolution of the ray-finned fish brain

Figueroa

Goodvin

Kolmann

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Brain anatomy provides key evidence for ray-finned fish relationships, but two key limitations obscure our understanding of neuroanatomical evolution in this major vertebrate group. First, the deepest branching living lineages are separated from the group's common ancestor by hundreds of millions of years, with indications that aspects of their brain morphology--like other aspects of their anatomy--are specialised relative to primitive conditions. Second, there are no direct constraints on brain morphology in the earliest ray-finned fishes beyond the coarse picture provided by cranial endocasts: natural or virtual infillings of void spaces within the skull. Here we report brain and cranial nerve soft-tissue preservation in Coccocephalichthys wildi, a ~319-million-year-old (Myr) ray-finned fish. This oldest example of a well-preserved vertebrate brain provides a unique window into neural anatomy deep within ray-finned fish phylogeny. Coccocephalichthys indicates a more complicated pattern of brain evolution than suggested by living species alone, highlighting cladistian apomorphies and providing temporal constraints on the origin of traits uniting all extant ray-finned fishes. Our findings, along with a growing set of studies in other animal groups, point to the significance of ancient soft tissue preservation in understanding the deep evolutionary assembly of major anatomical systems outside of the narrow subset of skeletal tissues.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Exceptional fossil preservation and evolution of the ray-finned fish brain

Figueroa

Goodvin

Kolmann

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Outcrop in the Avon Gorge-Mendip region (Fig. 3) comprises up to 1000 m of limestone and dolomite assigned to the Avon and Pembroke Limestone groups (Waters et al 2011). ECL were deposited in a ramp environment with water depths generally increasing to the south.…”

Section: Southern Ecl Provincementioning

confidence: 99%

“…ECL were deposited in a ramp environment with water depths generally increasing to the south. Microbialite mud mounds ('Waulsortian Reef' facies) are known from distal slope facies (Berry Slade Formation) farther west in Pembrokeshire (Waters et al 2011). The lower, mudstonerich Avon Group (formerly Lower Limestone Shales) of Tournaisian age, passes upwards into the Pembroke Limestone Group (Tournaisian-Visean).…”

Section: Southern Ecl Provincementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intervening regressive system tracts in Chadian, early Asbian and Brigantian times, associated with sea-level lowstands, are reflected in emergence surfaces and palaeokarst development in the marginal platforms. In the Bowland Basin of Lancashire, basinal facies crop out, and contain a considerably reduced proportion of limestone (Waters et al 2011).…”

Section: Northern Ecl Provincementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compiled from Menning et al (2006),Gradstein et al (2012) andCohen et al (2012). Local stratigraphic schemes afterFraser & Gawthorpe (1990),Kirkham (2005),Poty et al (2006),Waters et al (2011), Licour (2014,Rorive & Licour (2014, 2015,Poty (2016) andLagrou & Laenen (2012.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Early Carboniferous limestones of southern and central Britain: Characterisation and preliminary assessment of deep geothermal prospectivity

Pharaoh¹,

Jones²,

Kearsey³

et al. 2021

zdgg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Britain, thick limestones of early Carboniferous (Mississippian: 359-323 Ma) age are present in two provinces, respectively south and north of the Wales-Anglo-Brabant landmass. In the southern province, early Carboniferous limestones were deposited upon a southward-deepening shelf, laterally continuous from Ireland to the Rhineland. They now occupy a number of discrete minibasins as a consequence of Variscan orogenic thrusting and significant post-Carboniferous erosion. In the northern province, local tectonic controls led to the development of a mosaic of deepwater basins, ramps and platforms in response to Mississippian extensional stress. The interaction with glacioeustatic sea-level change led to the development of complex carbonate system tracts on these ramps and platforms.Given favourable conditions of palaeokarst development and fracturing, hydraulic transmissivity could be sufficient to allow development as a geothermal resource. Deep geothermal prospectivity is controlled by a hierarchy of factors, operating on scales ranging from provincial (1000-100 km) down to outcrop (1000-100 m), reflecting processes operating on the lithospheric down to sub-basinal scale respectively. On the scale of the individual prospect, these factors include the mode of carbonate deposition, particularly depth of water and angle of depositional slope, which are tectonically controlled; the history of synsedimentary exposure, erosion and karstification, strongly influenced by sea-level change; by the diagenetic history and subsequent basin evolution; by deformation and fracturing during Variscan basin inversion; and by the post-Carboniferous history of subsidence, uplift and karstification.The contrasting impact of these various processes upon hydraulic transmissivity in the two provinces is reviewed, and a preliminary assessment of the geothermal prospectivity of each is presented. The most prospective areas for deep geothermal exploitation are considered to be basins, shelves and platforms lying at depths of 2 to 5 km below sea level. Deepwater basins are considered less prospective because of the lack of thick limestones, except in the hanging wall at fault-bounded margins, where Waulsortian mud-mounds with good residual porosity and fault-zones with polyphase history are likely present. Granite underpinned highs in N England, where Carboniferous limestones are typically at crop, and shallow basins of Carboniferous age lying on the Wales-Anglo-Brabant Massif, are considered less prospective in the deep geothermal context.

show abstract