2020
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76808-6
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A revised definition for copal and its significance for palaeontological and Anthropocene biodiversity-loss studies

Abstract: The early fossilization steps of natural resins and associated terminology are a subject of constant debate. Copal and resin are archives of palaeontological and historical information, and their study is critical to the discovery of new and/or recently extinct species and to trace changes in forests during the Holocene. For such studies, a clear, suitable definition for copal is vital and is herein established. We propose an age range for copal (2.58 Ma—1760 AD), including Pleistocene and Holocene copals, and… Show more

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Cited by 36 publications
(28 citation statements)
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References 90 publications
(135 reference statements)
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“…We compiled information on all fossil species in Elateridae. Inclusions in the Holocene copal sensu Solórzano Kraemer et al [ 100 ] were not included in this study as they most probably represent recent species [ 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 ]. The higher classification of Elateridae follows Kundrata et al [ 6 , 12 ].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We compiled information on all fossil species in Elateridae. Inclusions in the Holocene copal sensu Solórzano Kraemer et al [ 100 ] were not included in this study as they most probably represent recent species [ 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 ]. The higher classification of Elateridae follows Kundrata et al [ 6 , 12 ].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this context, it is interesting to note that Arkansas amber has been chemically identified as most similar to the resin of Shorea (Saunders et al, 1974). Even copal deposits from the region (e.g., Sulawesi) may provide clues into more recent biogeographic patterns, localized extinctions of populations, recent expansions of species, or even previously unrecognized and comparatively modern losses of biodiversity (Solórzano-Kraemer et al, 2020).…”
Section: Journal Of Melittology 46mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Abbreviations: BA, Baltic amber (Van Straelen, 1928;Spahr, 1993;Weitschat and Wichard, 2010); BI, Bitterfeld amber (Schumann and Wendt, 1989;Spahr, 1993;Dunlop, 2010); BU, Burmese amber (Broly et al, 2015(Broly et al, , 2016; D, Dominican amber (Schmalfuss, 1980(Schmalfuss, , 1984a; the family Pseudarmadillidae = Delatorreidae has also been recorded); F, French amber (Perrichot, 2004); K, Kerala (India) amber (Srivastava et al, 2006); M, Mexican amber (Broly et al, 2017(Broly et al, , 2018); R, Rovno amber (Perkovsky et al, 2010); S, Spanish amber (Delclòs et al, 2007;this paper). Age is approximately the same for Rovno, Baltic, and Bitterfeld ambers; the same occurs for Mexican and Dominican ambers (Solórzano-Kraemer et al, 2020). *dubious assignment.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 85%