A Revision of the GenusAnisakisDujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Ascaridata)

Abstract

By clarifying which taxonomic characters are of specific significance and by defining the intra specific limits of individual morphological variations, seventeen species of the genus Anisakis were shown to represent only three distinguishable forms, these being Anisakis simplex (Rudoiphi, 1809 det. Krabbe, 1878), A. typica (Diesing, 1860) and A. physeteris Baylis, 1923. The morphological characters in order of importance for identifying these species are the spicules, the postanal papillae, the form of the ventriculus, the position of the vulva and the form of the lips. These three species were also found to be satisfactory when discussed in geographical and ecological terms.The four remaining species in the genus, Anisakis dussumierii (van Beneden, 1870), A. alexandri Hsü and Hoeppli, 1933, A. insignis (Diesing, 1851) and A. schupakovi Mozgovoi, 1915 are retained as species inquirendae for lack of sufficient information concerning them.

Gastric lesions associated with the presence of Anisakis spp. Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Cetaceans stranded on the coast of Ceara, Brazil

“…The parasites were stored in alcohol 70% or alcohol/formaldehyde/acetic acid (AFA). Identification was based on morphological characteristics (Davey 1971, Mattiucci et al 2005 and confirmed through DNA extraction, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. The 5`end of 18S rRNA gene (Dorris & Blaxter 2000) and ITS-1 region, between the 18S and 5.8S rRNA genes (Zhu et al 1999) from the nematode genome were amplified, and their products were directly sequenced on both strands using the Big Dye Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit, in an ABI PRISM ® 3100 Genetic Analyzer Sequencer (Applied BiosystemsPerkin Elmer).…”

Pathologic and Parasitologic Findings of Cold-Stunned Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtles (Lepidochelys Kempii) Stranded on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2001–2006

“…in the serosal surface and muscularis of the small intestine. Identification of these larvae was based on morphologic characteristics, including the presence of three lips, larval tooth, mucron, simple esophagus and ventriculus, with no intestinal cecum (Davey, 1971;Smith and Wooten, 1978).…”

Molecular systematics, phylogeny and ecology of anisakid nematodes of the genusAnisakisDujardin, 1845: an update

“…• A. brevispiculata Dollfus, 1966 A. physeteris was found genetically well distinct and reproductively isolated (D Nei = 0.80) from the species A. brevispiculata (synonymised by Davey, 1971). …”

“…In the past 18 years, our knowledge of the epidemiology of the parasites of the genus Anisakis has grown substantially with the development of the genetic/molecular techniques. These methodologies, in some cases combined with morphological studies, have demonstrated that the revision by Davey (1971) failed to recognize "true" species within the genus Anisakis, demonstrating that some of the morphospecies, considered in the past as cosmopolitan and euriecious species are, on the contrary, a complex of morphologically sibling, but reproductively isolated gene pools, thus corresponding to biological species. A prime example is A. simplex which, so far, contains three sibling species, A. simplex s.s. Nascetti et al, 1986, A. pegreffii CampanaRouget et Biocca, 1980), and A. simplex C (Mattiucci et al, 1997.…”

“…The discovery of a complex of sibling species within A. physeteris Baylis, 1920 are analogous results. Adult specimens morphologically recognized as A. physeteris were genetically characterized on the base of several allozyme markers and reproductive isolation from A. brevispiculata Dollfus, 1968 sympatrycally detected in the same definitive host, the pigmy sperm whale, was demonstrated (Mattiucci et al, 2001), thus it was possible to define the taxonomic status of A. brevispiculata, a species considered by Davey (1971) as a synonym of A. physeteris. In addition, the new species, A. paggiae (Mattiucci et al, 2005) was found to belong to the same complex of species (Valentini et al, 2006).…”