A Rice Glutamate Receptor–Like Gene Is Critical for the Division and Survival of Individual Cells in the Root Apical Meristem

Li, Jing; Zhu, Shihua; Song, Xinwei; Shen, Yi; Chen, Hanming; Yu, Jiangnan; Yi, Keke; Liu, Yanfen; Karplus, Valerie J.; Wu, Ping; Deng, Xing Wang

doi:10.1105/tpc.105.037713

Cited by 155 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…However, there exist in Arabidopsis at least 44 genes encoding aminotransferases (Liepman and Olsen, 2004) that could be potential targets for AVG or other PLP inhibitors. Likewise, recent studies in Arabidopsis reported that L-Glu modulates both mitotic activity in the apical meristem (Li et al, 2006;Walch-Liu et al, 2006) and dynamic elongation of root cell files via the microtubule cytoskeleton (Sivaguru et al, 2003). The very surprising point of our results is that, in our hands, L-Glu root treatment in the presence of AVG displayed an increase in root elongation and presented exactly the opposite root phenotype that has been reported in plants treated with L-Glu alone (Sivaguru et al, 2003;Walch-Liu et al, 2006).…”

Section: Does Glu Issued From N Metabolism Act On Root Elongation Comcontrasting

confidence: 50%

Elongation Changes of Exploratory and Root Hair Systems Induced by Aminocyclopropane Carboxylic Acid and Aminoethoxyvinylglycine Affect Nitrate Uptake andBnNrt2.1andBnNrt1.1Transporter Gene Expression in Oilseed Rape

et al. 2008

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Ethylene is a plant hormone that plays a major role in the elongation of both exploratory and root hair systems. Here, we demonstrate in Brassica napus seedlings that treatments with the ethylene precursor, aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) and the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), cause modification of the dynamic processes of primary root and root hair elongation in a dose-dependent way. Moreover, restoration of root elongation in AVG-treated seedlings by 1 mM L-glutamate suggested that high concentrations of AVG affect root elongation through nonoverlapping ethylene metabolic pathway involving pyridoxal 5#-P-dependent enzymes of nitrate (N) metabolism. In this respect, treatments with high concentrations of ACC and AVG (10 mM) over 5 d revealed significant differences in relationships between root growth architecture and N uptake capacities. Indeed, if these treatments decreased severely the elongation of the exploratory root system (primary root and lateral roots) they had opposing effects on the root hair system. Although ACC increased the length and number of root hairs, the rate of N uptake and the transcript level of the N transporter BnNrt2.1 were markedly reduced. In contrast, the decrease in root hair length and number in AVG-treated seedlings was overcompensated by an increase of N uptake and BnNrt2.1 gene expression. These root architectural changes demonstrated that BnNrt2.1 expression levels were more correlated to the changes of the exploratory root system than the changes of the root hair system. The difference between treatments in N transporters BnNrt1.1 and BnNrt2

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Section: Does Glu Issued From N Metabolism Act On Root Elongation Comcontrasting

confidence: 50%

Elongation Changes of Exploratory and Root Hair Systems Induced by Aminocyclopropane Carboxylic Acid and Aminoethoxyvinylglycine Affect Nitrate Uptake andBnNrt2.1andBnNrt1.1Transporter Gene Expression in Oilseed Rape

et al. 2008

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“…Overexpression of another GLR, At GLR3.1, impaired long-term stomatal closure but did not affect the short-term stomatal closure response or the kinetics of Ca 2+ oscillations that were imposed by extracellular Ca 2+ . In rice (Oryza sativa), disruption of the Os GLR3.1 gene results in reduced growth of the primary root and of adventious roots especially in the early seedling stage due to reduced mitotic activity of the root apical meristem (Li et al, 2006a). GLRs also have been implicated in root development in Arabidopsis since Glu can affect root architecture (Walch-Liu et al, 2006).…”

Section: Ligand-gated Channels At the Plasma Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Signals: The Lead Currency of Plant Information Processing

2010

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Ca 2+ signals are core transducers and regulators in many adaptation and developmental processes of plants. Ca 2+ signals are represented by stimulus-specific signatures that result from the concerted action of channels, pumps, and carriers that shape temporally and spatially defined Ca 2+ elevations. Cellular Ca 2+ signals are decoded and transmitted by a toolkit of Ca 2+ binding proteins that relay this information into downstream responses. Major transduction routes of Ca 2+ signaling involve Ca 2+ -regulated kinases mediating phosphorylation events that orchestrate downstream responses or comprise regulation of gene expression via Ca 2+ -regulated transcription factors and Ca 2+ -responsive promoter elements. Here, we review some of the remarkable progress that has been made in recent years, especially in identifying critical components functioning in Ca 2+ signal transduction, both at the single-cell and multicellular level. Despite impressive progress in our understanding of the processing of Ca 2+ signals during the past years, the elucidation of the exact mechanistic principles that underlie the specific recognition and conversion of the cellular Ca 2+ currency into defined changes in protein-protein interaction, protein phosphorylation, and gene expression and thereby establish the specificity in stimulus response coupling remain to be explored.

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“…These roles include regulation of hypocotyl elongation (Lam et al, 1998;Dubos et al, 2003), sensing of mineral nutrient status (Kim et al, 2001), regulating carbon/nitrogen balance (Kang and Turano, 2003), resisting aluminum toxicity (Sivaguru et al, 2003) and cold (Meyerhoff et al, 2005), root meristem function (Li et al, 2006;Walch-Liu et al, 2006), as well as jasmonate-mediated defense mechanisms (Kang et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Glutamate Receptor Subtypes Evidenced by Differences in Desensitization and Dependence on theGLR3.3andGLR3.4Genes

2007

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Ionotropic glutamate (Glu) receptors in the central nervous system of animals are tetrameric ion channels that conduct cations across neuronal membranes upon binding Glu or another agonist. Plants possess homologous molecules encoded by GLR genes. Previous studies of Arabidopsis thaliana root cells showed that the amino acids alanine (Ala), asparagine (Asn), cysteine (Cys), Glu, glycine (Gly), and serine trigger transient Ca2+ influx and membrane depolarization by a mechanism that depends on the GLR3.3 gene. This study of hypocotyl cells demonstrates that these six effective amino acids are not equivalent agonists. Instead, they grouped into hierarchical classes based on their ability to desensitize the response mechanism. Sequential treatment with two different amino acids separated by a washout phase demonstrated that Glu desensitized the depolarization mechanism to Gly, but Gly did not desensitize the mechanism to Glu. All 36 possible pairs of agonists were tested to characterize the desensitization hierarchy. The results could be explained by a model in which one class of channels contained a subunit that was activated and therefore desensitized only by Glu, while a second class could be activated and desensitized by Ala, Cys, Glu, or Gly. A third class could be activated and desensitized by any of the six effective amino acids. Analysis of knockout mutants indicated that GLR3.3 was a required component of all three classes of channels, while the related GLR3.4 molecule specifically affected only two of the classes. The resulting model is an important step toward understanding the biological roles of these enigmatic ion channels.

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A Rice Glutamate Receptor–Like Gene Is Critical for the Division and Survival of Individual Cells in the Root Apical Meristem

Cited by 155 publications

References 46 publications

Elongation Changes of Exploratory and Root Hair Systems Induced by Aminocyclopropane Carboxylic Acid and Aminoethoxyvinylglycine Affect Nitrate Uptake andBnNrt2.1andBnNrt1.1Transporter Gene Expression in Oilseed Rape

Elongation Changes of Exploratory and Root Hair Systems Induced by Aminocyclopropane Carboxylic Acid and Aminoethoxyvinylglycine Affect Nitrate Uptake andBnNrt2.1andBnNrt1.1Transporter Gene Expression in Oilseed Rape

Calcium Signals: The Lead Currency of Plant Information Processing

Glutamate Receptor Subtypes Evidenced by Differences in Desensitization and Dependence on theGLR3.3andGLR3.4Genes

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