“…Typically, the images are often corrupted by several noises, haze, fog, and blur due to an error generated in noisy sensors or communication channels. In recent years, researchers have developed several methods, such as the cascaded model of Gaussian conditional random fields [28], splitting method for structured total least squares [13], Bayesian model [19,30], the combination of iterative VanCittert algorithm with noise reduction modeling [21], K-means singular value decomposition [39], joint log likelihood function [45], and filters [42], for restoring corrupted images. In addition, various kinds of neural networks and classifiers have been utilized in the IR process.…”