A rooted interphase on sodium via in situ pre-implantation of fluorine atoms for high-performance sodium metal batteries

Abstract

The sodium plating/stripping with high reversibility is very challenging for sodium-based batteries. To build a robust solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the surface of sodium electrode is a pragmatic and...

Fluorine Chemistry in Rechargeable Batteries: Challenges, Progress, and Perspectives

“…Afterward, this interphase promoted the generation of a multilayer, inorganic-rich (e.g., NaF, Na x N, and Na 2 O) SEI with a concentration gradient, ultimately enabling a high CE of 97.3% with an extended Na plating/stripping lifetime (1700 h) at 1 mA cm –2 . In addition, the 4.5 V Prussian Blue||Na@Cu battery delivered a high capacity retention of 86% over 200 cycles with a limited amount of Na . Unfortunately, these strategies failed to satisfy the wide temperature applications of SIBs.…”

Eliminating Li Dendrites in PEO-Based Polymer Solid Electrolytes by Doping with SbF3

“…To address these challenges, solid-state electrolytes (SEs) have been identified as a potential solution for enhancing the safety and stability of future energy storage devices. , Among the various SEs, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have garnered considerable attention due to their low manufacturing cost, nontoxicity, and compatibility with current manufacturing processes for Li-ion batteries (LIBs). , However, SPEs suffer from limitations such as high operating temperatures, poor mechanical strength, inhomogeneous interfaces, and side reactions, which make them susceptible to penetration by dendrites. , In order to improve the safety and cycle life of all-solid-state Li-metal batteries (ASSLMBs), it is crucial to establish stable interfaces between the Li metal anode and the SPEs, while effectively inhibiting dendrite penetration. In this regard, various strategies have been explored, including the development of ceramic-polymer composite electrolytes (CPEs), the design of 3D electrodes and SEs, and the implementation of artificial interface layers. , …”

“…In this regard, various strategies have been explored, including the development of ceramic-polymer composite electrolytes (CPEs), 13 the design of 3D electrodes and SEs, 14 and the implementation of artificial interface layers. 15,16 Among these approaches, the use of multifunctional artificial interface layers has emerged as one of the most effective methods for improving interfacial performance, controlling Li deposition, and inhibiting dendrite formation. 17,18 The success of artificial interface layers relies on the formation of an inert layer rich in inorganic salts between the SPEs and the Li metal anode.…”

“…Among these approaches, the use of multifunctional artificial interface layers has emerged as one of the most effective methods for improving interfacial performance, controlling Li deposition, and inhibiting dendrite formation. , The success of artificial interface layers relies on the formation of an inert layer rich in inorganic salts between the SPEs and the Li metal anode. − However, commonly used passivated inorganic salts such as LiF, Li 2 S, and Li 3 N exhibit low Li + conductivity (Li 2 S, σ = 10 –13 S cm –1 ) and low oxidation potentials (Li 3 N, ≈ 0.45 V), rendering them unstable in the presence of Li . Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative passivated inorganic salts and design intricate architectures to achieve the combined advantages of high ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and low Li + diffusion barriers.…”

Promoting the Cation Utilization in Energy‐Dense Sodium Metal Battery Prototypes: Strategies, Analysis, and Prospects

“…[ 11 ] Despite of the enhanced theoretical energy density of the SMB as compared to the sodium‐ion batteries, the practical application of SMBs faces formidable challenges due to cycling inefficiencies and safety concerns. [ 12,13 ] These issues primarily derive from the Na + reservoir depletion, which could be attributed to the sodium dendrite formation, electrolyte decomposition reactions at the electrode interface, as well as the accumulation of the dead sodium deposits. To compensate the irreversible cation loss, excessive dosage of Na + sources was often employed.…”