A Routing Protocol Based on Received Signal Strength for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs)

Li, Meiju; Du, Xiujuan; Ke-jun, Huang; Hou, Sen; Liu, Xiuxiu

doi:10.3390/info8040153

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For those protocols independent of the location information, some system performances are sacrificed to improve the remaining performances. In [20], we propose a routing protocol based on received signal strength (RRSS). RRSS can ensure that data packets are transmitted along the shortest path with least energy loss.…”

Section: (1) Routing Algorithms Depending On Location Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shortest Path Routing Protocol Based on the Vertical Angle for Underwater Acoustic Networks

Liu

et al. 2019

Journal of Sensors

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Underwater Acoustic Networks (UANs) use acoustic communication. UANs are characterized by narrow bandwidth, long delay, limited energy, high bit error rate, and dynamic network topology. Therefore, UANs call for energy-efficient and latency-minimized routing protocol. In this paper, the shortest path routing protocol based on the vertical angle (SPRVA) is proposed. In SPRVA, the forwarding node determines the best next-hop according to main priority. When the main priorities of candidate nodes are the same, the alternative priority is used. The main priority is denoted by the residual energy and angle between propagation direction and depth direction, and the alternative priority is indicated by the link quality. SPRVA selects the node along the depth direction with more residual energy and better link quality as the best next-hop. In addition, a recovery algorithm is designed to avoid nodes in void areas as forwarding nodes. Simulation results show that SPRVA improves energy efficiency and decreases end-to-end communication delay.

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Section: (1) Routing Algorithms Depending On Location Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shortest Path Routing Protocol Based on the Vertical Angle for Underwater Acoustic Networks

Liu

et al. 2019

Journal of Sensors

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“…The protocol that combines the relay and direct forwarding mechanism in transmission of data from source node to sink node is utilized by means of Energy Efficient, Interference And Route Aware (EEIRA) protocol in USWN. This protocol provides better performance than DBR structure in terms of energy efficiency as it implies the best relay, reducing the number of hops and consequent follow up in shortest path to reduce channel losses [8,9]. The energy consumption is uniform in Optimized Depth-Based Routing (ODBR) scheme among other sensor nodes.…”

Section: Main Reference Schemes In Previous Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Analysis on Localization Free Routing Protocols in UWSNs

Teekaraman¹,

Sthapit²,

Choe³

et al. 2019

IJCIS

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A B S T R A C TThe challenges faced in underwater communication systems are limited bandwidth, Energy consumption rate, larger propagation delay time, End-End Delay (E-ED), 3D topology, media access control, routing, resource utilization and power constraints. These issues and challenges are solved by means of deploying the energy efficient protocol. The protocol can either be localization-based protocol or localization free protocol. In this paper, review of localization free protocols were discussed and reviewed with reference to environmental factors, data transmission rate, transmission efficiency, energy consumption rate, E-ED and propagation delay. The review analysis gives the pros and cons to give rise to the new directions of research for future improvements in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). This manuscript propose a survey on localization free protocol according to the problem addressed or the major parameter considered during routing in UWSNs. Unlike the existing survey, the present survey focuses on present state and art of routing protocols, in terms of routing strategy issues addressed. The solutions of energy efficient protocol is arrived by highlighting the pros of each protocols. The description of routing strategy for each protocol is presented to understand its operation in an understandable form. The cons of each protocol is taken into consideration for further investigation and to arrive the best protocol. The presented routing strategy, pros and cons provide open challenges and research directions for future investigation.

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“…A routing protocol based on received signal strength (RRSS) is proposed in [ 61 ]. A source node establishes a vector from itself to the sink node.…”

Section: Underwater Routing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: Taxonomy, Research Challenges, Routing Strategies and Future Directions

Khan

Ali

Ghani

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Recent research in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) has gained the attention of researchers in academia and industry for a number of applications. They include disaster and earthquake prediction, water quality and environment monitoring, leakage and mine detection, military surveillance and underwater navigation. However, the aquatic medium is associated with a number of limitations and challenges: long multipath delay, high interference and noise, harsh environment, low bandwidth and limited battery life of the sensor nodes. These challenges demand research techniques and strategies to be overcome in an efficient and effective fashion. The design of routing protocols for UWSNs is one of the promising solutions to cope with these challenges. This paper presents a survey of the routing protocols for UWSNs. For the ease of description, the addressed routing protocols are classified into two groups: localization-based and localization-free protocols. These groups are further subdivided according to the problems they address or the major parameters they consider during routing. Unlike the existing surveys, this survey considers only the latest and state-of-the-art routing protocols. In addition, every protocol is described in terms of its routing strategy and the problem it addresses and solves. The merit(s) of each protocol is (are) highlighted along with the cost. A description of the protocols in this fashion has a number of advantages for researchers, as compared to the existing surveys. Firstly, the description of the routing strategy of each protocol makes its routing operation easily understandable. Secondly, the demerit(s) of a protocol provides (provide) insight into overcoming its flaw(s) in future investigation. This, in turn, leads to the foundation of new protocols that are more intelligent, robust and efficient with respect to the desired parameters. Thirdly, a protocol can be selected for the appropriate application based on its described merit(s). Finally, open challenges and research directions are presented for future investigation.

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A Routing Protocol Based on Received Signal Strength for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs)

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Shortest Path Routing Protocol Based on the Vertical Angle for Underwater Acoustic Networks

Shortest Path Routing Protocol Based on the Vertical Angle for Underwater Acoustic Networks

Energy Analysis on Localization Free Routing Protocols in UWSNs

Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: Taxonomy, Research Challenges, Routing Strategies and Future Directions

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