Recently, a lipopeptide derived from
the hepatitis B virus (HBV)
large surface protein has been developed as an HBV entry inhibitor.
This lipopeptide, called MyrcludexB (MyrB), selectively binds to the
sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) on the basolateral
membrane of hepatocytes. Here, the feasibility of coupling therapeutic
enzymes to MyrB was investigated for the development of enzyme delivery
strategies. Hepatotropic targeting shall enable enzyme prodrug therapies
and detoxification procedures. Here, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
was conjugated to MyrB via maleimide chemistry, and coupling was validated
by SDS-PAGE and reversed-phase HPLC. The specificity of the target
recognition of HRP-MyrB could be shown in an NTCP-overexpressing liver
parenchymal cell line, as demonstrated by competitive inhibition with
an excess of free MyrB and displayed a strong linear dependency on
the applied HRP-MyrB concentration. In vivo studies
in zebrafish embryos revealed a dominating interaction of HRP-MyrB
with scavenger endothelial cells vs xenografted NTCP expressing mammalian
cells. In mice, radiolabeled 125I-HRP-MyrBy, as well as
the non-NTCP targeted control HRP-peptide-construct (125I-HRP-alaMyrBy) demonstrated a strong liver accumulation confirming
the nonspecific interaction with scavenger cells. Still, MyrB conjugation
to HRP resulted in an increased and NTCP-mediated hepatotropism, as
revealed by competitive inhibition. In conclusion, the model enzyme
HRP was successfully conjugated to MyrB to achieve NTCP-specific targeting in vitro with the potential for ex vivo diagnostic applications. In vivo, target specificity
was reduced by non-NTCP-mediated interactions. Nonetheless, tissue
distribution experiments in zebrafish embryos provide mechanistic
insight into underlying scavenging processes indicating partial involvement
of stabilin receptors.