A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of the Human Bowman�s Epithelium

Arakawa, Masaaki; Tokunaga, Junichi

doi:10.1159/000399754

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…PECs are ciliated cells, similar to tubular epithelial cells, whereas podocytes do not form a primary cilium. 6,48 It has been proposed that tubular cells require the urinary flow, which is sensed by the primary cilium, for survival. [49][50][51] Tubular cells-as well as PECs, as suggested by our findings-may become apoptotic/necrotic after interruption of the urinary flow by electrocoagulation or UUO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using an extended panel of antibodies, Bariety et al showed that parietal podocytes expressed the same marker proteins as visceral podocytes. 1 On electron microscopic images, parietal podocytes mostly form interdigitating foot processes 3,6,7 and recruit periglomerular capillaries. 8 In patients with membranous GN, parietal podocytes behaved similar to visceral podocytes in that they formed subepithelial deposits on the parietal basement membrane identical to those on the glomerular basement membrane (GBM).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Origin of Parietal Podocytes in Atubular Glomeruli Mapped by Lineage Tracing

Schulte

Berger

Boor

et al. 2014

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Parietal podocytes are fully differentiated podocytes lining Bowman's capsule where normally only parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are found. Parietal podocytes form throughout life and are regularly observed in human biopsies, particularly in atubular glomeruli of diseased kidneys; however, the origin of parietal podocytes is unresolved. To assess the capacity of PECs to transdifferentiate into parietal podocytes, we developed and characterized a novel method for creating atubular glomeruli by electrocoagulation of the renal cortex in mice. Electrocoagulation produced multiple atubular glomeruli containing PECs as well as parietal podocytes that projected from the vascular pole and lined Bowman's capsule. Notably, induction of cell death was evident in some PECs. In contrast, Bowman's capsules of control animals and normal glomeruli of electrocoagulated kidneys rarely contained podocytes. PECs and podocytes were traced by inducible and irreversible genetic tagging using triple transgenic mice (PEC-or Pod-rtTA/LC1/R26R). Examination of serial cryosections indicated that visceral podocytes migrated onto Bowman's capsule via the vascular stalk; direct transdifferentiation from PECs to podocytes was not observed. Similar results were obtained in a unilateral ureter obstruction model and in human diseased kidney biopsies, in which overlap of PEC-or podocyte-specific antibody staining indicative of gradual differentiation did not occur. These results suggest that induction of atubular glomeruli leads to ablation of PECs and subsequent migration of visceral podocytes onto Bowman's capsule, rather than transdifferentiation from PECs to parietal podocytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Parietal Podocytes in Atubular Glomeruli Mapped by Lineage Tracing

Schulte

Berger

Boor

et al. 2014

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…This technique, however, requires a significant amount of labor. In contrast, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has provided information about the threedimensional morphology of the glomerulus -such as surface alterations of podocytes and endothelial cellswith processing that is easier and shorter than that of TEM (Arakawa, 1971, Arakawa andTokunaga, 1972;Jones, 1977;Tarpley and Williams, 1980;Yorioka 1980;Ng et al, 1982;Lahdenkari et al, 2004). However, investigation of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), which is altered in response to subepithelial deposits in GN, has been difficult using conventional SEM in the secondly electron (SE) mode due to overlying cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid three-dimensional analysis of renal biopsy sections by low vacuum scanning electron microscopy

Inaga

Kato

Hirashima

et al. 2011

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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and pathological features were investigated in every sample. The abnormal surface appearances of podocytes with foot processes and the varying thicknesses of GBM were revealed three-dimensionally, features difficult to observe under LM and transmission electron microscopy. PAM-positive GBM alterations in membranous GN were distinctly visualized through overlying cells without cell removal under LVSEM at high magnification. Not only prominent spike formation but also slight protrusions were clearly revealed in the side views of GBM. Craterlike or hole-like structures were shown in the en face views of GBM. Accordingly, LVSEM is expected to provide a novel approach to the pathological diagnosis of human glomerular diseases using conventional renal biopsy sections.

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“…Loss of podocyte foot process structure, or effacement, as seen by TEM, varies considerably in different podocytes within the same glomerulus [16], and this variation is also seen in SIM images. Partial effacement of foot processes is identified, as expected, by the presence of fewer foot processes with increased diameter and less interdigitation (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Visualization of podocyte substructure with structured illumination microscopy (SIM): a new approach to nephrotic disease

Pullman

Nylk

Campbell

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:A detailed microscopic analysis of renal podocyte substructure is essential to understand and diagnose nephrotic kidney disease. Currently only time consuming electron microscopy (EM) can resolve this substructure. We used structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to examine frozen sections of renal biopsies stained with an immunofluorescence marker for podocin, a protein localized to the perimeter of the podocyte foot processes and compared them with EM in both normal and nephrotic disease biopsies. SIM images of normal glomeruli revealed curvilinear patterns of podocin densely covering capillary walls similar to podocyte foot processes seen by EM. Podocin staining of all nephrotic disease biopsies were significantly different than normal, corresponding to and better visualizing effaced foot processes seen by EM. The findings support the first potential use of SIM in the diagnosis of nephrotic disease.

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A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of the Human Bowman�s Epithelium

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Origin of Parietal Podocytes in Atubular Glomeruli Mapped by Lineage Tracing

Origin of Parietal Podocytes in Atubular Glomeruli Mapped by Lineage Tracing

Rapid three-dimensional analysis of renal biopsy sections by low vacuum scanning electron microscopy

Visualization of podocyte substructure with structured illumination microscopy (SIM): a new approach to nephrotic disease

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