A Scion of the Crimean Khans in the Crimean War: The Allied Powers and the Question of the Future of the Crimea

The dark side of connectedness: forced migrations and mass violence between the late Tsarist and Ottoman empires (1853–1920)

“…Its aftermath involved two distinct, and yet connected, episodes of population displacement involving Crimean Tatar and North Caucasian populations, perceived by the Tsarist authorities as 'unreliable' and prone to co-operate with the empire's external enemies. In part, this perception resulted from actual Ottoman and British efforts to muster support and stir up resistance among these same populations before and during the war, 29 as the anticolonial resistance of Caucasian populations had received British and Ottoman support at several points in time. 30 War fed a heightened awareness of the potential threat represented by a linkage between external and supposed internal enemies, so that officials could recommend, and sometimes actually enact, extreme measures, such as the enforced displacement of entire categories of the population.…”