A search for arteriovenous anastomoses in human skin using ultrasound Doppler

Bergersen, Tone Kristin

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1993.tb09489.x

Cited by 86 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Bergersen (1993), for example, found that AVAs are not present in the skin of the forehead, whereas they are present in the nose. This would explain why the nose skin temperature would increase before the forehead skin temperature, in response to an increase in body heat content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Facial cold-induced vasodilation and skin temperature during exposure to cold wind

Brajkovic

Ducharme

2006

Eur J Appl Physiol

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One purpose of this study was to characterize the facial skin temperature and cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) response of 12 subjects (six males and six females) during exposure to cold wind (i.e., -10 to 10 degrees C; 2, 5, and 8 m/s wind speed). This study found that at each wind speed, facial skin temperature decreased as ambient temperature decreased. The percentage of subjects showing facial CIVD decreased significantly at an ambient temperature above -10 degrees C. A similar CIVD percentage was observed between 0 degrees C dry and 10 degrees C wet (face sprayed with fine water mist) at each wind speed. No CIVDs were observed during the 10 degrees C dry condition at any wind speed. The incidence of CIVD response was more uniform across facial sites when there was a greater cold stress (i.e., -10 degrees C and 8 m/s wind). Another objective of the study was to examine the effect of the thermal state of the body (as reflected by core temperature) on the facial skin temperature response during rest and exercise. This study found that nose skin temperature was significantly higher in exercising subjects with an elevated core temperature even though there was no significant difference in face skin temperature between the two conditions. Therefore, this finding suggests that acral regions of the face, such as the nose, are more sensitive to changes in the thermal state of the body, and hence will stay warmer relative to other parts of the face during exercise in the cold.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Facial cold-induced vasodilation and skin temperature during exposure to cold wind

Brajkovic

Ducharme

2006

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…17 The distal skin regions of the body (hands and feet) are the major sites for vasomotor heat loss, whereas the proximal skin regions (arms, trunk, and legs) play a lesser role in thermoregulation. 18 Distal vasodilation involves arteriovenous anastomoses that are particularly abundant in the hands and feet 19 and can shunt blood directly from arterioles to veins. According to Guyton,20 "the rate of blood flow into this venous plexus can vary tremendously-from barely above zero to as great as 30 per cent of the total cardiac output.…”

Section: Electrons As Antioxidants 957mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Electrons Act as Antioxidants? A Review and Commentary

Oschman¹

2007

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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A previous study demonstrated that connecting the human body to the earth during sleep (earthing) normalizes the daily cortisol rhythm and improves sleep. A variety of other benefits were reported, including reductions in pain and inflammation. Subsequent studies have confirmed these earlier findings and documented virtually immediate physiologic and clinical effects of grounding or earthing the body. It is well established, though not widely known, that the surface of the earth possesses a limitless and continuously renewed supply of free or mobile electrons as a consequence of a global atmospheric electron circuit. Wearing shoes with insulating soles and/or sleeping in beds that are isolated from the electrical ground plane of the earth have disconnected most people from the earth's electrical rhythms and free electrons. The most reasonable hypothesis to explain the beneficial effects of earthing is that a direct earth connection enables both diurnal electrical rhythms and free electrons to flow from the earth to the body. It is proposed that the earth's diurnal electrical rhythms set the biological clocks for hormones that regulate sleep and activity. It is also suggested that free electrons from the earth neutralize the positively charged free radicals that are the hallmark of chronic inflammation. A relationship between cortisol and inflammation was established in the pioneering work of H. Selye published in the 1950s. Current biomedical research has led to an inflammation hypothesis that is establishing chronic inflammation as the culprit behind almost every modern chronic illness. The research summarized here and in subsequent reports provides a basis for a number of earthing technologies that restore and maintain natural electrical contact between the human body and the earth throughout the day and night in situations where going barefoot on the earth is impractical. It is proposed that free or mobile electrons from the earth can resolve chronic inflammation by serving as natural antioxidants.

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“…30 The advantages of using the temporal artery (TA) region include its proximity to the skin surface and stability of its blood flow because of its relatively constant perfusion. 31 In the pediatric ED, the TA thermometer has been found to be both more accurate than the tympanic thermometer and better tolerated than the rectal thermometer. 28 Furthermore, the fever measured by the TA device appears to defervesce more than the rectal fever, both at 60 and 90 minutes following antipyretic therapy.…”

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confidence: 99%