A Selection of Recent Advances in C1 Chemistry

Abstract

This review presents a selection of recent publications related to the chemistry and catalysis of C1 molecules, including methane, methanol, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. These molecules play an important role in the current supply of energy and chemicals and will likely become even more relevant because of the need to decarbonize fuels (shift from coal to natural gas) in line with CO2 capture and use to mitigate global warming, as well as a gradual shift on the supply side from crude oil to natural gas. This review includes both recent industrial developments, such as the huge increase in methanol-to-olefins-capacity build in China and the demonstration of oxidative coupling of methane, and scientific developments in these chemistries facilitated by improved capabilities in, for example, analytical tools and computational modeling.

Impact of Surface Composition of SrTiO3 Catalysts for Oxidative Coupling of Methane

“…Therefore, direct methods are expected to be more economical and environmentally friendly than indirect methods. One of the attractive routes for direct upgrading methane is the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to C 2 hydrocarbons (C 2 H 6 and C 2 H 4 ), which are valuable intermediates for many chemical industries . However, some difficulties for the commercialization of OCM have been recognized, such as (1) overcoming significant heat emissions at high reaction temperature (700–1000 °C); and (2) finding active catalysts with high selectivity to meet the requirement for 30 % C 2 yield .…”

“…One of the attractive routes for direct upgrading methane is the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to C 2 hydrocarbons (C 2 H 6 and C 2 H 4 ), which are valuable intermediates for many chemical industries. [2] However, some difficulties for the commercialization of OCM have been recognized, such as (1) overcoming significant heat emissions at high reaction temperature (700-1000°C); and (2) finding active catalysts with high selectivity to meet the requirement for 30 % C 2 yield. [3] Thus, there is a crucial need for efficient catalysts with high C 2 selectivity at significant levels of methane conversion, and long-term thermal stability.…”

Von Sonnenlicht zu Brennstoffen: aktuelle Fortschritte der C1‐Solarchemie

“…[5,6] "C 1 -Chemie" bezeichnet die Umwandlung kleiner Moleküle mit nur einem Kohlenstoffatom, einschließlich Verbindungen wie Kohlenmonoxid (CO), Kohlendioxid (CO 2 ), Methan (CH 4 )u nd Methanol (CH 3 OH), zu wichtigen Produkten mit hoher Nachfrage. [10] Katalytische Verfahren, die bei der C 1 -Umwandlung eingesetzt werden, umfassen die Fischer-Tr opsch-Synthese (FTS), Wassergas-Shift(WGS)-Reaktion, CO 2 -Hydrierungsreaktion, CH 4 -Umwandlung und Methanolreformierung.I nl etzter Zeit sind erhebliche Fortschritte bei der Entwicklung solargetriebener Va rianten dieser her-kçmmlichen thermisch-katalytischen Verfahren gelungen, besonders auf Gebieten wie der Katalysatorherstellung,d em mechanistischen Verständnis und dem Reaktoraufbau, [11][12][13][14] die in diesem Aufsatz ausführlich beschrieben werden sollen. [9] Gewçhnlich stammen die C 1 -Baueinheiten aus Kohle,E rdgas,B iomasse oder organischen Abfällen.…”

“…[76] Später wurden Nichtedelmetall-Katalysatoren auf Ni-Basis mit einer besseren katalytischen Aktivitätf ürd ie Reformierungsreaktionen entwickelt. [10] Methanol selbst kann direkt als alternativer Brennstoff fürg ewerbliche Anwendungen verwendet [80] Katalysatoren auf Cu/Zn/Al 2 O 3 -Basis, [81] Pt/a-MoC-Katalysatoren [82] und der Homogenkatalysator [RuHCl(CO)(HN(C 2 H 4 PiPr 2 ) 2 )], [83] die im Te mperaturbereich 65-300 8 8Ca rbeiten. [78,79] 1.5.…”

Molten salt chemical looping for reactive separation of HBr in a halogen-based natural gas conversion process

“…Economical use of methane in natural gas as a feedstock for liquid chemicals and fuels continues to be a long-term scientific and engineering challenge [1][2][3]. Demonstrated processes have high capital costs and require large scales to be profitable.…”