A self-affirmation exercise does not improve intentions to vaccinate among parents with negative vaccine attitudes (and may decrease intentions to vaccinate)

Reavis, Rachael D.; Ebbs, Jacob B.; Onunkwo, Adaobi K.; Sage, L. Mariah

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181368

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This study supports evidence from previous findings, showing that vaccine-hesitant parents follow a more thorough deliberation process by carefully weighing the pros, cons, alternatives and consequences of accepting or refusing vaccination, compared to acceptors [ 36 , 49 ]. There is a relatively small body of literature that emphasizes the deliberation of values in regard to vaccination decision-making [ 38 , 40 , 53 , 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision-making on maternal pertussis vaccination among women in a vaccine-hesitant religious group: Stages and needs

et al. 2020

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Introduction As of December 2019, pregnant women in the Netherlands are offered pertussis vaccination to protect their newborn infant against pertussis infection. However, the manner in which pregnant women decide about this maternal pertussis vaccination is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the decision-making process regarding maternal pertussis vaccination, and to explore the related needs among the vaccine-hesitant subgroup of orthodox Protestant women. Methods Charmaz’s grounded theory approach was used to develop a decision-making framework. To construct this framework we used an explorative multimethod approach in which in-depth interviews and online focus groups were supplemented by a literature search and research group meetings. This study was carried out in a hypothetical situation since the maternal pertussis vaccination had yet to be implemented in the Dutch immunisation programme at the time of the study. Results Twenty-five orthodox Protestant women participated in an interview, an online focus group, or in both. The findings of this study resulted in a decision-making framework that included three stages of decision-making; an Orientation stage, a value-based Deliberation stage, and Final decision stage. The Orientation stage included the needs for decision-making categorised into Information needs and Conversation needs. Women indicated that -if they were to receive sufficient time for Orientation and Deliberation- they would be able to reach the stage of Final decision. Conclusion The decision-making framework resulting from our findings can be used by health care professionals to provide women with information and consultation in the decision-making process. Future studies should investigate whether the stages of and needs for decision-making can be found across other vaccine-hesitant subgroups and vaccinations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision-making on maternal pertussis vaccination among women in a vaccine-hesitant religious group: Stages and needs

et al. 2020

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“…flu vaccine causes the flu [10] and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine causes autism [12]) had no effect on vaccine intention or attitude, respectively. A 2017 study on the effect of self-affirmation exercises found it to be ineffective or even detrimental when correcting information regarding vaccine safety was not jointly provided [11]. To this effect, recent work by Hornsey et al [21, 34] shed new light into the roots of antivaccination attitudes while also proposing a new model for promoting vaccine acceptance that seems promising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disgust as an emotional driver of vaccine attitudes and uptake? A mediation analysis

2019

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Research on the drivers of vaccine acceptance has expanded but most interventions fall short of coverage targets. We explored whether vaccine uptake is driven directly or indirectly by disgust with attitudes towards vaccines acting as a possible mediator. An online cross-sectional study of 1007 adults of the USA via Amazon's Mechanical Turk was conducted in January 2017. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: (1) items assessing attitudes towards vaccines and vaccine uptake, (2) revised Disgust Scale (DS-R) to measure Disgust Sensitivity, (3) Perceived Vulnerability to Disease scale (PVD) to measure Germ Aversion and Perceived Susceptibility, and (4) socio-demographic information. Using mediation analysis, we assess the direct, the indirect (through Vaccine Attitudes) and the total effect of Disgust Sensitivity, Germ Aversion and Perceived Susceptibility on 2016 self-reported flu vaccine uptake. Mediation analysis showed the effect of Disgust Sensitivity and Germ Aversion on vaccine uptake to be twofold: a direct positive effect on vaccine uptake and an indirect negative effect through Vaccine Attitudes. In contrast, Perceived Susceptibility was found to have only a direct positive effect on vaccine uptake. Nonetheless, these effects were attenuated and small compared to economic, logistic and psychological determinants of vaccine uptake.

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“…One method that has been shown to increase the feeling of control is self-affirmation through the reminder of values important to the individual 156 which also reduced memory of misinformation in another study 157 . However, a contrary study shows that the self-affirmation procedure is ineffective in increasing the intention to vaccinate in people with a negative vaccination attitude 158 . Similarly, another strategy which warrants further investigation are attempts try to increase the likelihood of adherence to safety guidelines and vaccinations by emphasising positive consequences of these behaviours 27 .…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 96%

Antecedents and consequences of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs: a systematic review

Mulukom¹,

Pummerer²,

Alper³

et al. 2020

Preprint

100

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COVID-19 conspiracy theories emerged almost immediately after the beginning of the pandemic, and the number of believers does not appear to decline. Believing in these theories can negatively affect adherence to safety guidelines and vaccination intentions, potentially endangering the lives of many. Thus, one part in successfully fighting the pandemic is to understand the antecedents and consequences of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, which are here presented in a rapid review summarizing research from more than 28 countries. We evaluate the contribution of individual difference variables (demographic variables, personality traits, coping with threat and uncertainty), beliefs, biases, and attitudes (epistemically suspect beliefs, thinking styles and cognitive biases, attitudes towards science), and social factors (group identities, trust in authorities, social media) to COVID-19 conspiracy theories. We discuss the consequences of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs in regard to safeguarding behaviours (hygiene, distancing, and mask-wearing), self-centred (hoarding) and misguided behaviours (pseudoscientific practices), vaccination intentions, mental health and negative social consequences (e.g., discrimination and violence). Differences between countries as well as various conspiracy theories are considered. Summarising, we suggest that belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories is boosted by low levels of trust in a context of threat and low levels of comprehensive, accessible information in a context of uncertainty and unknowns. We conclude that research is urgently needed to address potential interventions to (re-)establish trust and provide accessible information about COVID-19.

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A self-affirmation exercise does not improve intentions to vaccinate among parents with negative vaccine attitudes (and may decrease intentions to vaccinate)

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Decision-making on maternal pertussis vaccination among women in a vaccine-hesitant religious group: Stages and needs

Decision-making on maternal pertussis vaccination among women in a vaccine-hesitant religious group: Stages and needs

Disgust as an emotional driver of vaccine attitudes and uptake? A mediation analysis

Antecedents and consequences of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs: a systematic review

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