“…In addition, the energy of the optical bandgap can be estimated by using eqn (1): 52 ( αhv ) 1/2 = A ( hv − E g )where A , α , hv and E g are constants, absorption coefficients, photon energies, and band gaps, respectively. 53 As shown in Fig. 4b, the E g values of the TiO 2 NRA, BiOBr/TiO 2 NRA, and Bi/BiOBr/TiO 2 NRA are 3.20, 2.98, and 2.81 eV, respectively, in which the E g value of BiOBr is 2.9 eV (see the ESI, Fig.…”