A Self-Powered Wireless Water Quality Sensing Network Enabling Smart Monitoring of Biological and Chemical Stability in Supply Systems

Abstract

A smart, safe, and efficient management of water is fundamental for both developed and developing countries. Several wireless sensor networks have been proposed for real-time monitoring of drinking water quantity and quality, both in the environment and in pipelines. However, surface fouling significantly affects the long-term reliability of pipes and sensors installed in-line. To address this relevant issue, we presented a multi-parameter sensing node embedding a miniaturized slime monitor able to estimate the micrometric thickness and type of slime. The measurement of thin deposits in pipes is descriptive of water biological and chemical stability and enables early warning functions, predictive maintenance, and more efficient management processes. After the description of the sensing node, the related electronics, and the data processing strategies, we presented the results of a two-month validation in the field of a three-node pilot network. Furthermore, self-powering by means of direct energy harvesting from the water flowing through the sensing node was also demonstrated. The robustness and low cost of this solution enable its upscaling to larger monitoring networks, paving the way to water monitoring with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution.

Space Physical Sensor Protection and Control System Based on Neural Network Prediction: Application in Princess Elizabeth Area of Antarctica

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Artificial Intelligence and Water Cycle Management

“…The dimensions of these sensors, all of the order of more than a few millimeters, allow them to be installed in smart meters and, in perspective, directly in the flow limiters of the taps according to advantages (water conservation, energy saving) and disadvantages (initial investments, reflective surfaces and extremely bright colors for infrared sensors) [11] also from the point of view of the loss of transmission signals [12].…”

A New Ammonium Smart Sensor with Interference Rejection

“…In the field of chemical analysis, several important challenges need to be solved, for example, the development of new transducers compatible with this technology, i.e., devices with a small size, low price, and low consumption. Due to these limitations, the most commonly used transducers are (a) those based on either fluorescence or UV absorption measurements, (b) ion selective electrodes (ISE), and (c) impedance sensors [ 24 ].…”